Abstract: ［Abstract］Objective　To compare the clinical result of different type of channel of percutaneous renal fistula in treatment of complex upper urinary calculi．Methods　32 patients accepted the operation with 16 F channel of percutaneous renal fistula，and 20 patients with 20 F channel．After the channel was made，the litholapaxy was performed with the help of Holmium Laser．The clean rate of the stone in one-stage operation，average time of the operation，the postoperative decreasing level of hemoglobin and the rate of blood transfusion were compared between these 2 groups．Results　The clean rate of the stone in one-stage operation of the 16F group was 47%（15/32）， and to the 20F group，it was 65%（13/20），the difference was insignificant（P＞0.05）；the average time of operation of 16F group was 2.3±0.6 hours，and it was 1.5±0.5 hours in 20 F group，the difference was significant（P＜0.05）； the postoperative decreasing level of hemoglobin of 16 F group was 16±7.5 g/L，and it was 18±8.5 g/L in 20 F group， and the difference was insignificant（P＞0.05）；the rate of blood transfusion of 16F group was 6%（2/32）， and it was 10%（2/20）to 20 F group，the difference was insignificant（P＞0.05）．Conclusion　In the treatment of complex upper urinary calculi， when compared with 16F channel of percutaneous renal fistula， 20 F channel is more effective，rapid and safe，so this channel deserves to be used in clinical works