Abstract: ［Abstract］Objective　To explore the hepatitis B virus surface antigen（HBsAg）screening and infection of hepatitis B virus（HBV）among puerperants giving birth to children in hospitals in different areas of Yunnan． Methods　We selected three cities by quota sampling．Data about HBsAg screening and infection of HBV among puerperants were reported to local hospitals from January to June of 2011，the data in the three cities were collected and analyzed．Results　The gold immunochromatography assay（GICA）was used by most hospitals for HBsAg screening ，a total of 68753 puerperants were reported by the 332 hospitals and the HBsAg screening rate was 97.44 %.The consistent rate of screening was 98.83 %. The positive rate in those who had screened for HBsAg was 2.35% and the positive rate among three areas showed significant difference（P＜0.01）．The constituent ratio of both HBsAg-and HBeAg -positive puerperants in villages was higher than that in cities（P＜0.05）．The constituent ratio of both HBsAg-and HBeAg-positive puerperants in 15～29 year-old group was higher than that in 30～42 year-old group（P＜0.01）．Conclusions　The antepartum HBsAg screening rate is high among those who gave birth to children in hospitals．GICA is mainly used to do HBsAg screening in health centers in different area of Yunnan during the project．Although screening results are credible，the undetected rate exists．So HBsAg screening and retesting with sensitive，stable and mature ELISA method is a better choice