Abstract: ［Abstract］Objective To study the role of Gnaq，the α subunit of G proteins，in the proliferation of neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y，and further explore the underlying mechanism. Methods Over-expression of Gnaq in SH-SY5Y cells was performed by lentivirus infection. The infection rate was checked by fluorescence microscope. Then MTT experiment was used to evaluate the proliferation of the Gnaq-overexpressed cells. The transcription level of Gnaq and expression level of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）were measured by PCR and Western Blot respectively. Results （1）The infection rate of lentivirus in SH-SY5Y cells was（97.60±2.14）%. （2）The proliferation and NF-κB level of SH-SY5Y cells was significantly upregulated with Gnaq over-expression. Conclusions Gnaq plays an important role in the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells by regulating the NF-κB signal pathway.