Abstract: ［Abstract］Objective To investigate the clinical effect of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy by thalidomide combined with gefitinib for non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients and provide clinical basis for NSCLC therapy. Methods　From 2011/1 to 2013/1，we collected 160 NSCLC cases in our hospital and divided them into 2 groups randomly，80 cases in control group and 80 cases in observation group. The patients in the control group were treated with conventional surgical treatment and patients in the observation group were treated with preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy by thalidomide combined with gefitinib before surgery. The clinical effects, the 6 months and 1 year survival rates，and the toxicity effects were observed, and the clinical effects and survival rates between the 2 groups were compared. Results　The observation group had a therapeutic efficiency ratio（TER） of 80.0% which was significantly higher than the control group（50.0%），and the difference was statistically significant（P＜0.05）. The 6 months survival rate and 1 year survival rate were 97.5% and 92.5%, which were both significantly higher than those of control group（87.5% and 77.5%），and all differences were statistically significant（P＜0.05）. The toxicity effects of observation group were lower. Conclusions　Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy by thalidomide combined with gefitinib for NSCLC therapy is effective and safe，which is worthy of study and further application in clinical treatment..