Abstract: ［Abstract］Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of body weight related index and to explore the relationship between weight related index and cardiovascular diseases in rural residents in Yunnan Province. Methods By random cluster sampling method，rural residents were selected in Yunnan Province. The data were collected by face-to-face questionnaire and medical examination. Results 4070 rural residents in Yunnan participated in this study. The survey results showed that gender，age，education level and ethnicity affected both the distribution of body weight related index and low body weight，overweight，obesity，and central obesity（P < 0.05）. Compared with low body weight， non overweight， non obesity and non central obesity group，non low body weight， overweight， obesity and central obesity group had higher prevalence rate of hypertension（P < 0.01）. Among central obesity group， the prevalence rate of coronary heart disease was higher than non central obesity group（P < 0.01）. Conclusion The distribution of body weight related index in rural residents of Yunnan province showed some special characteristic. The overweight，obesity，and central obesity were related to cardiovascular diseases. Change unhealthy living habits or behavior as well as improving their cultural quality have effects on controlling body weight related index and help to reduce the prevalence rates of overweight，obesity and central obesity which can further reduce the prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases.