Abstract: ［Abstract］Objective To evaluate the efficacy between cylindrical abdominoperineal resection （CAPR） by laparoscopy and traditional abdominoperineal resection（APR）. Methods A retrospectively analysis was done in the data of patients with low rectal cancer who underwent APR in our department from January 2010 to September 2015. The patients were divided into two groups，including cylindrical abdominoperineal resection by laparoscopy and traditional abdominoperineal resection. The operation time， intraoperative bleeding，the time of intestinal exhaust as well as the postoperative complications of the two groups were compared. Results There were no statistical differences in the intraoperative bleeding， operation time，the time of intestinal exhaust，postoperative intestinal obstruction and pulmonary infection between the two groups（P > 0.05）. However，the differences in the rates of perineal incision infection and tumor intestinal perforation between the two groups were statistically significant （P < 0.05）. Conclusion CAPR by laparoscopy is safer，more reliable than traditional APR， which can effectively reduce the rates of postoperative incision infection and tumor intestinal perforation of patients.