Abstract: ［Abstract］Objective　The aim of this study was to investigate the professional cognitive level and its influencing factors of fresh nursing students in Yunnan，in order to provide a basis for nursing education workers， improve the situation and put forward a series of interventions.　Methods　A questionnaire survey was done among 623 fresh nursing students in 5 universities of Yunnan province，and the data were collected and analyzed using the descriptive analysis and chi-square test of software SPSS22.0.　Results There were 313 peoples choose nursing for "easy future employment" in qualified 599 questionnaires. The professional cognitive level in Yunnan was not comprehensive compared with other provinces，and the ratio of the nursing mission and etc were lower than other provinces with statistical significance（P < 0.05）. However，there were 50 people （40.98%） would like to choose other major of 122 people who come from other provinces，which was higher than that of Yunnan （34.98%）. There were 324 students（63.11%） were proud of nursing，327 students（63.70%） think nursing have a good development prospect who received the freshmen entrance education， which were higher than 35.62% and 42.47% of who could not receive the freshmen entrance education， with a statistical significance（P < 0.05）.　Conclusion　School should reinforce the new students entrance education and professional publicity to cultivate the professional emotion of nursing freshmen.