Abstract: ［Abstract］Objective To study the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria from periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis， so as to guide the anti-infection therapy. Methods Eighty-four patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. The anaerobes were isolated from periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the anaerobes to seven kinds of antibiotics （like metronidazole， penicillin， cefmetazole， etc.） was tested with the agar dilution technique. Results　A total of 305 cultivable anaerobes were isolated from periodontal pockets of 84 patients with chronic periodontitis. All patients were infected by anaerobes. 59.34% of cultivable anaerobes were gram-positive anaerobes，and 40.66% were gram-negative anaerobes. The P.melanin ogenica and P.gingivalis were the most common among the cultivable anaerobes， accounting for 51.19% and 55.95%， followed by P.intermedia （36.90%）， P.micros（35.71%），F.mucleatum （33.33%）， Capnocytophaga ssp（27.38%），Actinomyces ssp （10.71%）， and so on. Most isolated anaerobes were sensitive to seven antibiotics. All isolated anaerobes were susceptible to Chloromycetin and Imipenem. 98.03% of isolated anaerobes were susceptible to Amoxicillin. Approximately 76% to 88% of isolated anaerobes were susceptible to Cefmetazole and Metronidazole. Susceptibility to Clindamycinum and Penicillin were 65.91% and 55.73%. Conclusions There is a close relationship between chronic periodontitis and anaerobes. P.melanin ogenica and P.gingivalis are the most frequently isolated anaerobes from periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis. Chloromycetin and Imipenem can be used for the treatment of anaerobes infected chronic periodontitis.