Abstract: ［Abstract］Objective　To explore and evaluate the changes of hemorheology and fracture healing in patients undergoing spinal operation with intraoperative autologuous blood transfusion. Methods A total of 80 patients underwent internal fixation of spine in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were selected in this study. Digital random table method were utilized for dividing them into two groups. Autologous blood transfusion was used in group A，allogeneic blood transfusion was applied in group B. Blood viscosity， plasma viscosity， hematocrit， fibrinogen，erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR）and the level of sICAM-1，sVCAM-1 were collected and compared 1，4，8，12 weeks after the operation. Results　Concentrated red cell and plasma volume infusion in group A was lower than that in group B， the level of sICAM-1，sVCAM-1 1，4，8，12 weeks after operation in group A were significantly lower than that in group B. There was no delayed fracture healing patients in group A， but there was 3 patients with delayed fracture healing in group B（P＜0.05）.Blood viscosity， plasma viscosity， hematocrit， fibrinogen， erythrocyte and ESR 1， 4， 8， 12 weeks after the operation compared in both group were not statistically significant（P＞0.05）.Conclusion　Autologous blood transfusion is not only a safe and effective method for blood transfusion， but also can improve the tissue blood supply， reduce inflammation， and conducive to fracture healing.