Abstract: ［Abstract］Objective To establish retroperitoneal orthotopic renal transplantation model in Diannan small-eared swine. Methods　Ten pairs of Diannan small-eared swines， which with the same ABO blood type ，the negative of cross matching and complement-dependent cytotoxicity（CDC）cross reaction were performed with retroperitoneal orthotopic renal transplantation，end-to-end anastomosis method was implemented between the donor's and the receptor's renal artery，vein and ureter. Results　One case appeared renal vein thrombosis，1 case appeared acute renal tubular necrosis，both resulted in the dysfunction of transplanted kidney，8 cases of postoperative graft function gradually returned to normal. No complications such as severe hemorrhage，infection， ureteral obstruction， urinary leakage ，intestinal obstruction happened，the graft survival rate was 80%．Conclusions　Swine retroperitoneal orthotopic renal transplantation model is stable and reliable， with easier operational procedure， less complications and higher graft survival rate.