Abstract: ［Abstract］Objective　To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical methods of children with thyroglossal duct cyst （TDC）. Methods　A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data and imaging characteristics from 98 cases of children with primary thyroglossal duct cyst and 40 cases of children with recurrent thyroglossal duct cyst during the time 2012 to 2015 in Kunming children's Hospital's Otolaryngology Head and Neck Department. For new-onset cases， the classic Sistrunk operation method was chosen；for postoperative recurrence cases，the enlarged Sistrunk operation method was chosen．Results　Thyroglossal duct cyst CT appeared single cystic lesion and polycystic lesions; the single cystic lesion was located under the level of the hyoid bone and on the level of the hyoid bone; polycystic lesions were located in the upper and lower hyoid bone，and highly related to hyoid and thyroid；B ultrasonic results showed low echo or heterogeneous echo，no substance，with posterior echo enhancement. Sistrunk operation and the enlarged Sistrunk operation treatment efficacy was positive for new-onset cases and postoperative recurrence patients. No recurrence was found in 2 years of follow-up. Conclusions　The pathogenic and anatomical characteristics of thyroglossal duct cyst should be fully understood. The hyoid bone and the surrounding area of the glossal blind aperture in the base of the tongue are the focal point of surgical operation; ring ligation is the key after resection of the diseased tissue.