Abstract: Objective To evaluate the AChE and nAChR in the NMJ and the morphology of the muscle in the bilateral triceps surae after the unilateral shock wave therapy. Method 60 male New Zealand rabbits weighing (2±0.2) Kg were used in this study. Two thousand shock waves at an energy flux density of 1.5 bar and the frequency of10 Hz were applied to their left calf muscles. Divided into six groups, both sides of the triceps muscle of calf were taken out on the day of the shock wave and the1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the treatment. HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of muscle tissue and the average optical density was measured after AChE stain so as to calculate the receptor count after Acetylcholine receptor immunohistochemistry. Result No abnormal morphological abnormalities were observed in all rabbits. In the first five groups, the AChE was significantly higher in the side of the shockwave treatment compairing with the control side (P<0.05) , slow decrease after 1 week after the treatment. In the first five groups, the nAChR was significantly lower in the side of the shock wave treatment compairing with the control side (P <0.05) , and gradually increased to normal after 8 weeks. Conslusion Suitable dose of shock wave will not have a greater impact on morphology of muscle tissue. After the shock wave treatment, the amount and degree of stimulate of muscle cells were decreased, and the production of action potentials was reduced. While the experimental side Ach E and AchR in shock wave treatment day to 8 weeks after treatment showed a significant trend to normal, it shows that the effect of shock wave on NMJ is transient and reversible.