Status and Influencing Factors of Stigma in Lung Cancer Patients
-
摘要:
目的 了解云南地区肺癌患者病耻感现状,并分析其影响因素。 方法 采用便利抽样法,于2022年7月至2023年7月从云南省某三级肿瘤专科医院中选取248例肺癌患者作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表和中文版肺癌患者病耻感量表对其进行人口学特征和病耻感的调查。 结果 肺癌患者病耻感总分为(96.92 ± 14.87)分。多元线性回归分析结果表明,文化程度、长期居住地、民族及家庭关系是影响肺癌患者病耻感的因素(P < 0.05)。 结论 肺癌患者病耻感处于较高水平。文化程度高、长期居住在农村、少数民族和家庭关系较好的肺癌患者病耻感水平更高。可通过提高医疗资源的可及性、建立完善的社会支持系统、关注并尊重肺癌患者的文化差异和信仰,给予肺癌患者更多的理解、支持和鼓励,降低肺癌患者病耻感水平。 Abstract:Objective To understand the current status of stigma among lung cancer patients in Yunnan and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A convenience sampling method was employed to select 248 lung cancer patients from a tertiary cancer hospital in Yunnan from July 2022 to July 2023. A demographic questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Lung Cancer Patient Stigma Scale were used to investigate their demographic characteristics and stigma levels. Results The total score of stigma in lung cancer patients was (96.92 ± 14.87).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level, long-term residence, ethnicity and family relationship were the influencing factors of stigma score in lung cancer patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion The stigma level among lung cancer patients is relatively high. Patients with higher education levels, those living in rural areas for a long time, ethnic minorities, and those with better family relationships exhibited higher stigma levels. Enhancing the accessibility of medical resources, establishing a comprehensive social support system, and paying attention to and respecting the cultural differences and beliefs of lung cancer patients can provide them with greater understanding, support, and encouragement, thereby reducing the stigma levels. -
Key words:
- Lung cancer /
- Stigma /
- Current status /
- Influencing factor
-
表 1 肺癌患者病耻感总分及各维度得分情况[n = 284,($ \bar x \pm s $)/分]
Table 1. Total scores and dimensions of stigma among lung cancer patients [n = 284,($ \bar x \pm s $)/score]
项目 条目数 得分范围 最小值 最大值 总分 病耻感总分 31 31~124 31 124 96.92 ± 14.87 羞耻或羞愧 11 11~44 11 44 33.69 ± 5.36 社会隔离 10 10~40 10 40 32.08 ± 5.33 歧视 5 5~20 5 20 15.83 ± 2.74 吸烟 5 5~20 5 20 15.32 ± 2.84 表 2 调查对象的一般资料及肺癌患者病耻感现状得分单因素分析结果[n = 248,n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)](1)
Table 2. General data of the respondents and outcomes of univariate analysis of the current status of stigma among lung cancer patients [n = 248,n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)](1)
项目 分类 n 构成比(%) 总分 t/F/χ2 P 患者类型 复查患者 52 20.97 89.35 ± 12.99 4.808 < 0.001* 手术患者 196 79.03 98.93 ± 14.71 年龄(岁) < 45 33 13.31 104.45 ± 12.74 11.155 0.004* 45~59 132 53.23 95.58 ± 15.18 ≥60 83 33.47 96.07 ± 14.43 性别 男 113 45.56 94.50 ± 13.02 3.104 0.002* 女 135 54.44 98.96 ± 16.03 文化程度 小学及以下 72 29.03 92.94 ± 15.12 25.390 < 0.001* 初中 76 30.65 94.67 ± 14.18 高中/中专 35 14.11 97.34 ± 14.50 专科 31 12.50 99.45 ± 12.14 本科及以上 34 13.71 107.65 ± 13.58 婚姻状况 已婚 237 95.56 96.85 ± 14.98 0.349 0.728 其他(未婚、分居、离异或丧偶) 11 4.44 98.45 ± 12.86 职业 农民 90 36.29 93.82 ± 14.39 12.466 0.052 工人 33 13.31 96.03 ± 12.32 干部(公务员/教师/军人) 27 10.89 106.52 ± 14.87 自由职业 29 11.69 97.48 ± 15.29 医务人员 10 4.03 102.00 ± 12.59 无业 22 8.87 99.05 ± 16.31 退休 37 14.92 95.19 ± 15.06 长期居住地 城市 110 44.35 91.76 ± 13.16 21.871 < 0.001* 农村 138 55.65 101.04 ± 14.92 民族 汉族 214 86.29 96.08 ± 14.86 4.312 0.038* 其他少数民族 34 13.71 102.21 ± 14.01 表 2 调查对象的一般资料及肺癌患者病耻感现状得分单因素分析结果[n = 248,n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)](2)
Table 2. General data of the respondents and outcomes of univariate analysis of the current status of stigma among lung cancer patients [n = 248,n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)](2)
项目 分类 n 构成比(%) 总分 t/F/χ2 P 宗教信仰 无 233 93.95 96.82 ± 14.70 0.005 0.945 有 15 6.05 98.47 ± 17.82 家庭人均月收入(元) < 1000 34 13.71 91.76 ± 13.52 15.255 0.002* 1000 ~200055 22.18 95.56 ± 15.81 2001~ 4999 90 36.29 95.31 ± 12.50 > 5000 69 27.82 102.65 ± 16.11 医疗费用支付方式 自费 9 3.63 95.00 ± 19.97 15.865 0.124 省医保 15 6.05 90.73 ± 19.57 市医保 55 22.18 103.24 ± 14.38 新农合 78 31.45 94.32 ± 12.07 城镇居民医保 84 33.87 95.98 ± 15.17 商业保险 7 2.82 103.43 ± 12.07 是否合并其他疾病 是 88 35.48 96.74 ± 14.33 0.145 0.885 否 160 64.52 97.03 ± 14.33 是否吸烟 是 55 22.18 93.36 ± 11.98 2.331 0.022* 否 193 77.82 97.94 ± 15.47 是否有子女 有 245 98.79 96.82 ± 14.88 1.025 0.306 无 3 1.21 105.67 ± 13.05 家庭关系
(与父母、配偶、子女间关系)一般 26 10.48 93.04 ± 14.55 6.695 0.035* 较好 88 35.48 94.53 ± 12.78 很好 134 54.03 99.25 ± 15.87 主要照顾者 父母 10 4.03 103.00 ± 11.89 3.776 0.287 配偶 125 50.40 96.62 ± 14.95 子女 95 38.31 95.98 ± 14.96 其他(兄弟姐妹、朋友、护工/保姆等) 18 7.26 100.67 ± 15.09 主要照顾者健康情况 良好 191 77.02 97.98 ± 15.03 4.567 0.102 一般 55 22.18 93.09 ± 13.92 较差 2 0.81 101.00 ± 12.73 治疗方式 手术 203 81.85 98.79 ± 14.13 22.269 < 0.001* 化疗 39 15.73 88.69 ± 12.58 其他 6 2.42 87.20 ± 14.73 *P < 0.05。 表 3 肺癌患者病耻感得分的多元线性回归自变量赋值
Table 3. Assignment of multiple linear regression independent variables for stigma scores among lung cancer patients
自变量 赋值说明 患者类型 复查患者 = (0,0);手术患者 = (1,0) 年龄 < 45岁 = 1;45~59岁 = 2;≥60岁 = 3 性别 男 = 1,女 = 2 文化程度 小学及以下 = 1;初中 = 2;
高中/中专 = 3; 专科 = 4;
本科及以上 = 5长期居住地 城市 = 1;农村 = 2 民族 汉族 = 1,其他少数民族 = 2 家庭人均月收入 1000 元以下 = 1;1000 ~2000元 = 2;2001~4999 元 = 3;5000 元以上 = 4是否吸烟 不吸烟 = 1;吸烟 = 2 家庭关系
(与父母、配偶、
子女间关系)一般 = 1;较好 = 2;很好 = 3 治疗方式 手术 = (0,0);化疗 = (1.0);
其他 = (0,1)表 4 肺癌患者病耻感影响因素的线性回归分析
Table 4. Linear regression analysis of stigma influencing factors among lung cancer patients
变量 β SE β' t P 常量 68.569 8.968 − 7.646 < 0.001* 文化程度 1.808 0.880 0.168 2.054 0.041* 长期居住地 5.025 2.280 0.168 2.204 0.029* 民族 5.766 2.630 0.134 2.192 0.029* 家庭关系 2.69- 1.339 0.122 2.009 0.046* R2 = 0.205,调整R2 = 0.164,F = 5.036,*P < 0.05。 -
[1] Han B,Zheng R,Zeng H,et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China,2022[J]. Journal of the National Cancer Center,2024,4:47-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jncc.2024.01.006 [2] 黄云超,赵光强,肖义泽,等. 云南肺癌高发地区肺癌死亡趋势分析[J]. 肿瘤防治研究,2011,38(1):98-100+103. doi: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2011.01.028 [3] Hu W,Downward G,Wong J Y Y,et al. Characterization of outdoor air pollution from solid fuel combustion in Xuanwei and Fuyuan,a rural region of China[J]. Sci Rep,2020,10(1):11335. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68229-2 [4] 唐如科. 2013年-2022年云南省肿瘤医院肺癌手术患者流行病学特征分析[D]. 昆明: 昆明医科大学,2023. [5] Major B,O'Brien L T. The social pychology of stigma[J]. AnnuRev Psychol,2005,56:393-421. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070137 [6] 贺婧,陈诗皓,肖鹏. 肺癌患者病耻感的影响因素及干预研究进展[J]. 中华现代护理杂志,2022,28(14):1956-1960. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115682-20210911-04120 [7] 于媛,刘均娥. 肺癌患者病耻感的研究进展[J]. 中华护理杂志.,2014,49(11):1386-1390. [8] Ernst J,Mehnert A,Dietz A,et al. Perceived stigmatization and its impact on quality of life - results from a large register-based study including breast,colon,prostate and lung cancer patients[J]. BMC Cancer,2017,17(1):741. doi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3742-2 [9] Maguire R,Lewis L,Kotronoulas G,et al. Lung cancer stigma: A concept with consequences for patients[J]. Cancer Rep(Hobo-ken),2019,2(5):e1201. [10] Webb L A,McDomnell K K,Adams S A,et al. Exploring stigma among lung cancer survivors: A scoping literature review[J]. Oncol Nurs Forum,2019,46(4):402-418. [11] 李 荔,刘丽娟. 基于GoPubMed 对病耻感相关文献的计量学分析[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志,2017,31(11):857-861. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2017.11.005 [12] Cataldo J K,Slaughter R,Ja Han T M,et al. Measuring stigma in people with lung cancer: Psychometric testing of the cataldo lung cancer stigma scale[J]. Oncol Nurs Forum,2011,38(1):E46-E54. doi: 10.1188/11.ONF.E46-E54 [13] 于媛,王黎,张娜,等. 中文版肺癌患者病耻感量表的心理测量学评价[J]. 中华护理杂志,2017,52(5):636-640. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2017.05.029 [14] 史笑,潘志娟,岳朝丽,等. 肺癌患者病耻感的影响因素调查及与生活质量和负性情绪的相关性研究[J]. 现代生物医学进展,2021,21(19):3670-3674. [15] 何程远,白萍,魏永婷,等. 恶性肿瘤患者围术期预感性悲伤与病耻感的相关性研究[J]. 当代护士(中旬刊),2024,31(9):145-150. [16] Liu X H,Zhong J D,Zhang J E,et al. Stigma and its correlates in people living with lung cancer: A cross-sectional study from China[J]. Psychooncology,2020,29(2):287-293. doi: 10.1002/pon.5245 [17] 任志玲,茅乃权,甘海洁,等. 肺癌患者病耻感及社会支持与生活质量结构方程模型的构建[J]. 中国护理管理,2019,19(5):701-705. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1756.2019.05.012 [18] 王蕊,隋鸿平,李婷婷,等. 肺癌患者病耻感经历的Meta整合[J]. 中华护理教育,2024,21(2):231-237. [19] Occhipinti S,Dunn J,O'Connell D L,et al. Lung cancer stigma across the social network: Patient and caregiver perspectives[J]. J Thorac Oncol,2018,13(10):1443-1453. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.06.015 [20] Riley K E,Ulrich M R,Hamann H A. Decreasing smoking but increasing stigma? Anti-tobacco campaigns,public health,and cancer care[J]. Ama J Ethics,2017,19(5):475-485. doi: 10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.5.msoc1-1705 [21] Yang,L H. Application of mental illness stigma theory to Chinese societies: Synthesis and new directions[J]. Singap Med J,2007,48(11):977. [22] Rose S,Kelly B,Boyes A,et al. Impact of perceived stigma in people newly diagnosed with lung cancer: A cross-sectional analysis[J]. Oncol Nurs Forum,2018,45(6):737-747. [23] Aukst Margetic B,Kukulj S,Galic K,et al. Personality and stigma in lung cancer patients[J]. Psychiatr Danub,2020,32(Suppl 4):528-532. [24] Zhang Y,Cui C,Wang Y,et al. Effects of stigma,hope and social support on quality of life among Chinese patients diagnosed with oral cancer: A cross-sectional study[J]. Health Qual Life Outcomes,2020,18(1):112. doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01353-9 [25] 刘瑾. 妇科恶性肿瘤患者病耻感及影响因素研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学,2022. [26] 李钰,王柳. 乳腺癌根治术患者心理困扰与心理弹性及社会支持的相关性[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志,2019,27(8):1149-1151. [27] 郝正玮,孟宪静,宋丽华,等. 肺癌患者预感性悲伤水平的影响因素及与心理健康的关系[J]. 重庆医学,2022,51(10):1762-1765. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2022.10.030 [28] Criswell K R,Owen J E,Thornton A A,et al. Personal responsibility,regret,and medical stigma among individuals living with lung cancer[J]. J Behav Med,2016,39(2):241-253. doi: 10.1007/s10865-015-9686-6 [29] 王雪贝,李明霞,赵启同,等. 癌症患者病耻感心理体验的Meta整合[J]. 中国护理管理,2024,24(3):431-436. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1756.2024.03.021