Analysis of Antiviral Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B in Indeterminate Phase
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摘要:
目的 分析新版指南(2022年版《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》)下不确定期慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染患者进行抗病毒治疗的疗效和安全性。 方法 选取2020年8月1日至2024年7月31日期间在昆明市第三人民医院就诊的170例初治HBV感染患者为研究对象,分析其中ALT正常的不确定期患者抗病毒治疗后12周、24周、48周及未抗病毒治疗48周临床指标变化。 结果 (1)在170例ALT正常的不确定期HBV感染患者中,治疗组125例(HBeAg阳性36例,HBeAg阴性89例),未治疗组45例;治疗组48周HBV-DNA载量和HBsAg滴度较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(均P < 0.05);而未治疗组HBV-DNA载量呈上升趋势,HBsAg滴度略降低,差异有统计学意义(均P < 0.05);(2)HBeAg阳性的治疗组患者48周CVR率为66.67%(24/36),HBeAg阴性的患者为95.51%(85/89),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);(3)治疗组48周GGT和AFP较治疗前明显下降,未治疗组ALT、GGT和AFP则反而升高,差异有统计学意义(均P < 0.05);(4)治疗组48周的纤维化指标APRI、FIB-4和LSM较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(均P < 0.05);(5)治疗组48周的安全性指标CREA、血钙、血磷较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。 结论 按照新版指南扩大抗病毒适应症相关标准对ALT正常的不确定期HBV感染患者进行抗病毒治疗,在HBV-DNA控制、CVR率和纤维化指标改善等方面均具有良好的疗效,且具有较好的肾脏安全性,但可能存在钙磷代谢紊乱导致骨质疏松的风险,需要加强检测与预防。 Abstract:Objective To analysis the efficacy and safety of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus in indeterminate phase based on the new guidelines (2022 Edition of the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B). Methods A total of 170 patients with newly diagnosed HBV infection who visited the Third People's Hospital of Kunming from August 1, 2020, to July 31, 2024, were selected as study subjects. The clinical indicators of patients with normal ALT in the indeterminate phase were analyzed after 12 weeks, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks of antiviral treatment, as well as those who did not receive antiviral treatment for 48 weeks. Results (1) Among the 170 patients with normal ALT during the indeterminate phase of HBV infection, the treatment group consisted of 125 patients (36 HBeAg positive and 89 HBeAg negative), while the untreated group had 45 patients. In the treatment group, the HBV-DNA load and HBsAg titer decreased significantly after 48 weeks compared to before treatment, with statistically significant differences (both P < 0.05). In the untreated group, the HBV-DNA load showed an upward trend, and the HBsAg titer slightly decreased, with statistically significant differences (both P < 0.05). (2) The CVR rate in the treatment group after 48 weeks was 66.67% (24/36) for HBeAg positive patients and 95.51% (85/89) for HBeAg negative patients, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). (3) The treatment group showed a significant decrease in GGT and AFP after 48 weeks compared to before treatment, while the untreated group saw an increase in ALT, GGT, and AFP, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). (4) The fibrosis indicators APRI, FIB-4, and LSM in the treatment group significantly decreased after 48 weeks compared to before treatment, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). (5) The safety indicators CREA, blood calcium, and blood phosphorus in the treatment group significantly decreased after 48 weeks compared to before treatment, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Expanding the antiviral treatment indications according to the new guidelines for patients with normal ALT in the indeterminate phase of HBV infection demonstrates good efficacy in controlling HBV-DNA, improving CVR rates, and enhancing fibrosis indicators, while also showing favorable renal safety. However, there may be a risk of osteoporosis due to calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, necessitating enhanced monitoring and prevention. -
表 1 入组ALT正常不确定期HBV感染患者的基线临床特征[n(%)/($\bar x \pm s $)/M(P25,P75)]
Table 1. Baseline clinical features of HBV infection in patients enrolled with normal and uncertain ALT periods[n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)/M(P25,P75)]
项目 治疗组 未治疗组
(n=45)F/H/χ2 Ρ HBeAg阳性
(n=36)HBeAg阴性
(n=89)年龄(岁) 36.69 ± 11.99 48.03 ± 13.24 39.91 ± 12.78 6.464 0.002* 性别 3.247 0.197 男 16(44.44) 42(47.19) 14(31.11) 女 20(55.56) 47(52.81) 31(68.89) HBV-DNA(lg IU/mL) 5.77(4.10,6.64) 3.05(2.40,3.67) 2.45(2.00,3.57) 27.374 < 0.001* HBsAg(lg IU/mL) 3.55(3.08,3.87) 2.79(1.78,3.45) 2.92(2.15,3.55) 7.907 0.019* ALT(U/L) 22.50(17.00,31.50) 21.00(16.00,29.00) 19.00(16.00,25.50) 1.880 0.391 AST(U/L) 27.00(19.50,33.00) 25.79(24.00,26.89) 24.00(20.50,28.00) 2.652 0.265 TBIL(μmol/L) 15.60(11.88,19.53) 15.86(13.30,17.86) 14.80(11.30,17.65) 1.042 0.594 ALB(g/L) 42.80(41.15,44.90) 44.50(42.20,46.60) 45.40(43.15,47.40) 6.496 0.039* GGT(U/L) 23.50(17.50,31.00) 24.68(19.00,26.68) 17.00(14.00,20.50) 18.153 < 0.001* ALP(U/L) 82.50(75.25,100.25) 89.50(80.50,92.50) 82.00(67.50,97.50) 1.865 0.394 AFP(ng/mL) 3.75(2.87,4.63) 4.01(2.19,4.49) 2.18(1.78,2.69) 21.363 < 0.001* APRI 0.40(0.32,0.46) 0.36(0.28,0.46) 0.28(0.24,0.31) 21.288 < 0.001* FIB-4 1.54(1.17,1.63) 1.57(1.03,1.61) 0.97(0.67,1.08) 27.524 < 0.001* LSM 7.87(6.62,7.97) 6.55(6.15,7.55) 5.63(4.63,6.63) 36.810 < 0.001* UREA(mmol/L) 4.76(3.84,5.79) 4.69(4.64,4.99) 4.51(3.68,5.19) 6.878 0.032* CREA(μmol/L) 57.31(47.50,67.00) 65.88(63.50,66.88) 62.00(52.50,66.17) 11.861 0.003* UA(μmol/L) 311.50(281.00,359.36) 339.74(329.00,349.74) 311.44(267.50,351.00) 8.456 0.015* P (mmol/L) 1.04(1.01,1.12) 1.01(0.99,1.09) 0.97(0.95,1.01) 27.113 < 0.001* CA(mmol/L) 2.20(2.18,2.23) 2.26(2.24,2.30) 2.31(2.29,2.33) 47.379 < 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 2 治疗组ALT正常不确定期HBV感染患者各时间段完全病毒学应答率情况[n(%)]
Table 2. Complete virological response rate of patients with HBV infection in indeterminate phase of ALT in the treatment group[n(%)]
项目 时间(周) 治疗组 χ2 Ρ HBeAg阳性组
(n=36)HBeAg阴性组
(n=89)CVR率 12 10(27.78) 65(73.03) 21.874 < 0.001* 24 20(55.56) 77(86.52) 14.135 < 0.001* 48 24(66.67) 85(95.51) 19.099 < 0.001* *P < 0.05,以HBV DNA≤2 lg IU/mL即为检测不到。 表 3 各组患者血清生化学指标变化[M(P25,P75)]
Table 3. Changes of serum biochemical indexes in each group[M(P25,P75)]
项目 时间(周) 治疗组 未治疗组
(n=45)Z/H Ρ HBeAg阳性组
(n=36)HBeAg阴性组
(n=89)ALT
(U/L)基线 22.50(17.00,31.50) 21.00(16.00,29.00) 19.00(16.00,25.50) 1.880 0.391 12 25.79(17.25,33.00) 19.75(15.34,27.00) −1.456 0.145 24 22.75(17.63,27.75) 21.00(16.50,28.41) −0.495 0.621 48 22.54(14.25,29.50) 21.00(15.50,27.19) 22.00(16.00,31.50) 0.778 0.678 M/Z 2.904 2.991 −2.519 Ρ 0.407 0.393 0.012* AST
(U/L)基线 27.00(19.50,33.00) 25.79(24.00,26.89) 24.00(20.50,28.00) 2.652 0.265 12 26.00(21.25,31.50) 25.29(24.50,26.50) −0.663 0.507 24 25.07(20.75,28.00) 24.05(22.00,25.05) −1.064 0.287 48 24.81(17.75,27.00) 24.29(22.00,26.00) 24.00(19.00,27.50) 0.285 0.867 M/Z 6.136 4.027 −0.802 Ρ 0.105 0.191 0.423 TBIL
(μmol/L)基线 15.60(11.88,19.53) 15.86(13.30,17.86) 14.80(11.30,17.65) 1.042 0.594 12 13.91(12.38,15.40) 14.55(13.05,14.68) −0.568 0.570 24 16.32(12.43,19.40) 13.49(12.80,14.49) −2.711 0.007* 48 14.53(11.03,16.15) 14.53(12.60,15.53) 13.40(9.85,17.70) 0.582 0.747 M/t 4.846 7.061 1.346 Ρ 0.183 0.091 0.185 ALB
(g/L)基线 42.80(41.15,44.90) 44.50(42.20,46.60) 45.40(43.15,47.40) 6.496 0.039* 12 43.00(41.45,44.28) 45.65(44.10,46.65) −3.594 0.005* 24 43.18(41.10,45.53) 44.14(43.85,45.40) −2.232 0.026* 48 42.26(41.08,42.85) 43.37(42.70,44.40) 44.60(42.80,46.55) 18.464 0.001* M/t 3.038 8.456 0.505 Ρ 0.386 0.086 0.616 GGT
(U/L)基线 23.50(17.50,31.00) 24.68(19.00,26.68) 17.00(14.00,20.50) 18.153 < 0.001* 12 23.23(15.25,32.00) 23.90(18.50,25.90) −0.034 0.973 24 21.57(14.00,30.00) 23.07(18.50,25.07) −0.561 0.575 48 20.00(11.75,24.00) 22.97(20.00,24.97) 18.00(14.00,25.00) 5.215 0.074 M/Z 22.788 39.000 −2.331 Ρ < 0.001* < 0.001* 0.020* ALP(U/L) 基线 82.50(75.25,100.25) 89.50(80.50,92.50) 82.00(67.50,97.50) 1.865 0.394 12 94.93(74.50,104.00) 93.97(82.00,99.97) −1.130 0.259 24 90.00(70.50,112.71) 94.97(82.50,98.37) −1.418 0.156 48 82.96(69.50,93.00) 90.87(81.00,97.78) 78.00(64.00,95.00) 8.596 0.014* M/Z 13.980 12.987 −1.673 Ρ 0.003* 0.006* 0.094 AFP
(ng/mL)基线 3.75(2.87,4.63) 4.01(2.19,4.49) 2.18(1.78,2.69) 21.363 < 0.001* 12 3.43(2.64,3.86) 3.90(2.25,4.11) −0.377 0.706 24 3.08(2.93,3.25) 3.80(2.27,4.08) −1.554 0.120 48 2.82(2.24,3.12) 3.16(2.09,3.76) 2.46(1.92,2.62) 8.645 0.013* M/Z 30.132 55.591 −1.993 Ρ < 0.001* < 0.001* 0.043* *P < 0.05。 表 4 各组患者肝纤维指标比较[M(P25,P75)]
Table 4. Comparison of liver fiber indexes in each group[M(P25,P75)]
项目 时间(周) 治疗组 未治疗组
(n=45)H Ρ HBeAg阳性组
(n=36)HBeAg阴性组
(n=89)APRI 基线 0.40(0.32,0.46) 0.36(0.28,0.46) 0.28(0.24,0.31) 21.288 < 0.001* 48 0.37(0.30,0.42) 0.32(0.28,0.35) 0.28(0.25,0.30) 12.327 0.002* Z −2.694 −5.288 −0.011 Ρ 0.007* < 0.001* 0.991 FIB−4 基线 1.54(1.17,1.63) 1.57(1.03,1.61) 0.97(0.67,1.08) 27.524 < 0.001* 48 1.31(0.97,1.49) 1.47(1.05,1.77) 0.93(0.56,1.00) 24.542 < 0.001* Z −2.745 −2.395 −1.051 Ρ 0.006* 0.017* 0.064 LSM 基线 7.87(6.62,7.97) 6.55(6.15,7.55) 5.63(4.63,6.63) 36.810 < 0.001* 48 7.10(6.28,8.96) 5.86(4.71,6.97) 5.36(5.33,5.38) 38.244 < 0.001* Z −2.819 −5.705 −3.781 Ρ 0.005* < 0.001* 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 5 各组患者骨肾安全性指标比较[M(P25,P75)]
Table 5. Comparison of safety indexes of bone and kidney in each group[M(P25,P75)]
项目 时间(周) 治疗组 未治疗组
(n=45)H Ρ HBeAg阳性组
(n=36)HBeAg阴性组
(n=89)UREA(mmol/L) 基线 4.76(3.84,5.79) 4.69(4.64,4.99) 4.51(3.68,5.19) 6.878 0.032* 48 4.54(4.11,4.90) 4.51(4.22,4.71) 4.70(4.18,4.99) 5.429 0.066 Z/t 0.676 −1.717 −1.407 Ρ 0.501 0.082 0.160 CREA(μmol/L) 基线 57.31(47.50,67.00) 65.88(63.50,66.88) 62.00(52.50,66.17) 11.861 0.003* 48 57.30(50.50,63.83) 61.03(57.00,63.03) 62.50(52.00,70.00) 3.079 0.215 Z/t 3.421 −4.974 −0.182 Ρ 0.001* < 0.001* 0.856 UA(μmol/L) 基线 311.50(281.00,359.36) 339.74(329.00,349.74) 311.44(267.50,351.00) 8.456 0.015* 48 329.23(261.75,398.00) 328.82(305.00,338.28) 318.78(280.00,347.50) 2.300 0.317 Z −0.245 −3.631 −1.729 Ρ 0.807 < 0.001* 0.084 血磷(mmol/L) 基线 1.04(1.01,1.12) 1.01(0.99,1.09) 0.97(0.95,1.01) 27.113 < 0.001* 48 0.97(0.76,0.97) 0.92(0.84,0.99) 0.96(0.85,1.05) 19.939 < 0.001* Z −3.407 −6.437 −2.025 Ρ 0.001* < 0.001* 0.064 血钙(mmol/L) 基线 2.20(2.18,2.23) 2.26(2.24,2.30) 2.31(2.29,2.33) 47.379 < 0.001* 48 2.18(2.14,2.26) 2.25(2.16,2.35) 2.33(2.24,2.43) 46.976 < 0.001* Z −2.202 −2.526 −2.062 Ρ 0.041* 0.012* 0.061 *P < 0.05。 -
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