An Analysis of the Efficacy of Geriatric Interdisciplinary Team Services for Elderly Patients with Multimorbidity with Malnutrition
-
摘要:
目的 探索老年多学科团队(geriatric interdisciplinary team,GIT)服务对共病伴营养不良老年患者的疗效分析。 方法 选取2022年1月至2023年1月昆明市第二人民医院老年科收治的伴糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)或慢性心衰(chronic heart failure,CHF)的共病伴营养不良的老年患者109例,随机分为对照组53例及观察组56例。对照组给予常规模式管理共病及营养不良,观察组采用GIT服务模式管理共病及营养不良。分别在干预前及干预3个月后评价2组老年患者的疾病、营养状况及生活质量的转归。(1)对2组中伴DM患者检测HbA1c,对伴COPD或CHF患者观察并记录病情加重的情况;(2)对2组患者均进行营养相关指标(TP、ALB、Hb)检测及Barthel 指数评估。 结果 (1)2组中伴DM的患者干预后较干预前HbA1c降低(P < 0.001),其中观察组较对照组更显著(P < 0.001);(2)2组中伴COPD患者干预后AECOPE发作人数,观察组少于对照组(P < 0.05);(3)2组中CHF患者干预后CHF急性加重人数,观察组少于对照组(P < 0.05);(4)2组患者TP、ALB、Hb及Barthel 指数评分与干预前相比均有上升,其中观察组相对于对照组上升更为显著(P < 0.05)。 结论 老年多学科团队服务在共病伴营养不良老年患者的干预中具有较好效果。 Abstract:Objective To explore the efficacy of the geriatric interdisciplinary team (GIT) service for elderly patients with multimorbidity and malnutrition. Methods We selected 109 elderly patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)or chronic heart failure (CHF) and multimorbidity to the Department of Geriatrics of The 2nd People’ s Hospital of Kunming City from January 2022 to January 2023. The patients were randomly divided into the control group of 53 cases and the observation group of 56 cases. The control group received routine management of multimorbidity and malnutrition, while the observation group used the GIT service model to manage multimorbidity and malnutrition.The disease, nutritional status, and quality of life outcomes of the two groups of elderly patients were evaluated before and 3 months after the intervention.(1) HbA1c was detected in patients with DM in both groups, and the aggravation of patients with COPD or CHF was observed and recorded. (2)Nutrition-related indicators (Tp, ALB and Hb) and Barthel index were evaluated in both groups. Results (1) The HbA1c of patients with DM in the two groups decreased after intervention (P < 0.001), and the decrease in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group (P < 0.001). (2) The number of AECOPEs in patients with COPD in the two groups decreased, and the observation group was less than the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The number of CHF acute exacerbations in patients with CHF in the two groups decreased and the observation group was fewer than the control group (P < 0.05). (4) The TP, ALB, Hb and Barthel index scores of the two groups increased compared with those before intervention, and the observation group increased more significantly than the control group (P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion The geriatric interdisciplinary team service for the elderly has a good effect in the intervention of elderly patients with multimorbidity and malnutrition. -
Key words:
- Geriatric interdisciplinary team services /
- Multimorbidity /
- Malnutrition
-
表 1 2组糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重及慢性心衰分布情况[n(%)]
Table 1. Distribution of DM,COPD and CHF between the two groups [n(%)]
组别 DM AECOPD CHF 观察组(n=56)
对照组(n=53)
χ2
P21(37.5)
19(35.8)
0.032
0.85822(39.3)
20(37.7)
0.028
0.86821(37.5)
23(43.4)
0.393
0.532表 2 2组糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白蛋白比较[M(P25,P75)%]
Table 2. Comparison of HbA1c between the two groups[M(P25,P75)%]
组别 n 干预前 干预后 Z P 观察组(n=56)
对照组(n=53)
Z
P21(DM)
19(DM)8.90(8.30,9.20)
8.60(8.40,9.20)
−0.104
0.9177.10(6.70,7.60)**
8.00(8.00,8.40)
−3.773
<0.001**−4.019
−3.768<0.001**
<0.001**与干预后对照组比较,**P < 0.001。 表 3 2组慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重发作情况比较[n(%)]
Table 3. Comparison of COPD attacks between the two groups[n(%)]
组别 COPD 例数 AECOPD发作人数 观察组(n=56)
对照组(n=53)
干预后χ2
干预后P22
203(13.6)*
9(45)
5.050
0.025*与干预后对照组比较,*P < 0.05。 表 4 2组慢性心衰加重情况比较[n(%)]
Table 4. Comparison of CHF exacerbation between the two groups[n(%)]
组别CHF 例数 CHF急性加重人数 观察组(n=56)
对照组(n=53)
干预后χ2
干预后P21
233(14.3)*
10(43.5)
4.494
0.034*与干预后对照组比较,*P < 0.05。 表 5 2组干预前后总蛋白实验室指标比较[M(P25,P75),g/L](1)
Table 5. Comparison of TP laboratory indicators before and after intervention in the two groups[M(P25,P75),g/L](1)
组别 干预前 干预后 Z P 观察组(n=56)
对照组(n=53)
Z
P51.8(50.15,52.78)
51.30(50.30,52.95)
−0.274
0.78464.15(62.53,66.75)**
62.30(59.30,64.10)
−4.112
<0.001**−6.510
−6.334<0.001**
<0.001**与干预后对照组比较,**P < 0.001。 表 6 2组干预前后日常生活能力评分(Barthel 指数)比较[M(P25,P75)%]
Table 6. Comparison of daily living ability scores before and after intervention in the two groups(Barthel Index)[M(P25,P75)%]
组别 干预前 干预后 Z P 观察组(n=56)
对照组(n=53)
Z
P60.00(50.00,60.00)
60.00(55.00,60.00)
−0.577
0.56475.00(70.00,80.00)*
70.00(62.50,75.00)
−1.990
0.047*−6.566
−6.388<0.001**
<0.001**与干预后对照组比较,**P < 0.001。 表 5 2组干预前后白蛋白实验室指标比较[($\bar x \pm s $),g/L](2)
Table 5. Comparison of ALB laboratory indicators before and after intervention in the two groups[($\bar x \pm s $),g/L](2)
组别 干预前 干预后 t P 观察组(n=56)
对照组(n=53)
t
P30.06±2.07
29.84±2.26
0.529
0.59837.02±1.57*
36.24±2.42
2.007
0.047*−20.055
−14.065<0.001**
<0.001**与干预后对照组比较,**P < 0.001。 表 5 2组干预前后血红蛋白实验室指标比较[M(P25,P75),g/L](3)
Table 5. Comparison of Hb laboratory indicators before and after intervention in the two groups[M(P25,P75),g/L](3)
组别 干预前 干预后 Z P 观察组(n=56)
对照组(n=53)
Z
P99.00(95.00,104.75)
98.00(95.00,107.50)
−0.793
0.428115.00(110.00,119.75)*
110.0(106.00,118.00)
−2.205
0.027*−6.455
−6.341<0.001**
<0.001**与干预后对照组比较,**P < 0.001。 -
[1] 国家统计局. 第七次全国人口普查公报: 人口年龄构成情况[R/OL]. (2021-05-11)[2023-05-06]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202302/t20230203_1901085.html. [2] 齐元涛,柳言,杜金,等. 基于健康生态学模型的我国老年人慢性病共病 影响因素研究[J]. 中国全科医学,2023,26(1):50-57. [3] 崔春子,杨土保. 我国中老年人群慢性病共病模式及影响因素探究: 基于系统聚类和Apriori算法[J]. 中国卫生统计,2023,40(2):172-177. doi: 10.11783/j.issn.1002-3674.2023.02.003 [4] 张宁,何牧,张祥宁,等. 2000- 2023年国际老年医学跨学科团队研究文献计量学分析[J]. 协和医学杂志,2024,15(5):1107-1116. doi: 10.12290/xhyxzz.2024-0180 [5] 朱鸣雷,刘晓红,董碧蓉,等.老年共病管理中国专家共识(2023)[J].中国临床保健杂志,2023,26(5):577-584. [6] Cederholm T,Jensen G L,Correia MITD,et al. GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition: A cinsensus report from the global clinical nutrition community[J]. Clin Nutr,2019,38(1):1-9. [7] 陈旭骄,齐海梅,乔薇,等.老年综合评估技术[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2024:28-30. [8] 林洋,王芳,王寒,等. 老年共病患者衰弱患病率的Meta分析[J]. 中国全科医学,2023,26(25):3185-3193. [9] 张玉兰,李星晶. 老年住院患者营养状况评估与认知功能、临床结局的相关性[J]. 中国老年学杂志,2021,41(16):3573-3576. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2021.16.051 [10] 林伟权,孙敏英,刘览,等. 广州市社区老年人慢性病共病与营养状况相关性研究[J]. 中华全科医学,2022,20(11):1870-1873. [11] 周艳艳,马伟. 老年住院患者营养筛查与评估研究进展[J]. 河南预防医学杂志,202l,32(9): 641-646. [12] 张丽,李耘,钱玉英,等. 老年共病的现状及研究进展[J]. 中华老年多器官疾病杂志,2021,20(1):67-71. [13] Ho I S,Azcoaga-Lorenzo A,Akbari A,et al. Variation in the estimated prevalence of multimorbidity: Systematic review and meta-analysis of 193 international studies[J/OL]. BMJ Open,2022,12(4): e057017. [14] Xu J Y,Zhu M W,Zhang H,et al. A cross-sectional study of GLIM-defined malnutrition based on new validated calf circumference cut-off values and different screening tools in hospitalised patients over 70 years old[J]. J Nutr Health Aging,2020,24(8):832-838. doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1386-4 [15] Wei J M,Lis,Claytorl ,et al. Prevalence and predictors of malnutrition in elderly Chinese adults: Results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study [J]. Public Health Nutr,2018,21(17): 3129-3134. [16] Li Y,Teng D,Shi X,et al. Prevalence of diabetes recorded in the mainland of China using 2018 diagnostic criteria from the American Diabetes Association: National cross sectional study[J]. BMJ,2020 Apr 28;369: m997. [17] GBD Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators,Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases,1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017[J]. Lancet Resp Med,2020,8(6): 585-596. [18] 中国心血管健康与疾病报告编写组,中国心血管健康与疾病报告2020摘要[J]. 中国循环杂志,2021,36(6): 521-545. [19] Liu L,Chen Y,Xie J. Association of GNRI,NLR,and FT3 wth the clinical prognosis of older patients with heart failure[J]. Int Heart J,2022,63(6):1048-1054. doi: 10.1536/ihj.22-306 [20] Yan D,Shen Z,Zhang S,et al. Prognostic values of geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma[J]. J Cancer,2021,12(23):7010-7017. doi: 10.7150/jca.62340 [21] 夏银平,余飞,杨虹,等,住院老年慢性病共病患者营养情况的影响因素分析[J].中国医药导报,2023,20(4): 108-111. [22] Skou ST,Mair FS,Fortin M,et al. Multimorbidity.Nat Rev Dis Primers.2022 Jul 14;8(1):48. [23] Smith S M,Wallace E,Odowd T,et al. Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimonbidity in primary care and community settings [J/CD]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2021,1(1): CD006560. [24] Muth C,Blom J W,Smith S M,et al. Evidence supporting the best clinical management of patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy: A systematic guideline review and expert consensus[J]. J Intern Med,2019,285(3):272-288. doi: 10.1111/joim.12842 [25] Smith S M,Wallace E,Salisbury C,et al. A core outcome set for multimorbidity research (COSmm)[J]. Ann Fam Med,2018,16(2):132-138. doi: 10.1370/afm.2178