The Role of Intestinal Flora and Its Metabolites in The Development of Atherosclerosis
-
摘要: 肠道菌群及其代谢产物对动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)等心血管疾病的发生和发展起到重要作用,已经成为预防和治疗AS的重要影响因素。本文聚焦肠道微生态环境,主要阐述氧化三甲胺(Trimethylamine Oxide,TMAO)、短链脂肪酸(Short-chain Fatty Acids,SCFA)、苯乙酰谷氨酰胺(Phenylacetylglutamine,PAG)、脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS)和胆汁酸(Bile Acids,BA)等肠道菌群代谢产物与AS的关系,同时探讨以调整肠道菌群及其代谢产物为出发点的AS治疗策略,期望为AS的预防和治疗开辟新途径。Abstract: Intestinal flora and their metabolites play an important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis (AS), and have become an important target for the prevention and treatment of AS. In this paper, we focus on the intestinal microecological environment and focus on the relationship between intestinal flora metabolites such as trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), phenylacetylglutamine (PAG), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and bile acids (BA), and AS. At the same time, we also discuss the therapeutic strategies of AS that start from adjusting the intestinal flora and its metabolites, with the hope of opening up a new avenue of AS prevention and treatment. We hope to open up new avenues for the prevention and treatment of AS.
-
Key words:
- Intestinal flora /
- Metabolites /
- Atherosclerosis /
- Treatment
-
[1] Zou Y,Song X,Liu N,et al. Intestinal flora: A potential new regulator of cardiovascular disease[J]. Aging Dis,2022,13(3):753-772. doi: 10.14336/AD.2021.1022 [2] Anselmi G,Gagliardi L,Egidi G,et al. Gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases: A critical review[J]. Cardiol Rev,2021,29(4):195-204. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000327 [3] Libby P,Buring J E,Badimon L,et al. Atherosclerosis[J]. Nat Rev Dis Primers,2019,5(1):56-63. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0106-z [4] Verhaar BJH,Prodan A,Nieuwdorp M,et al. Gut microbiota in hypertension and atherosclerosis: A review[J]. Nutrients,2020,12(10):2982-2993. doi: 10.3390/nu12102982 [5] Barreau F,Tisseyre C,Ménard S,et al. Titanium dioxide particles from the diet: involvement in the genesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer[J]. Part Fibre Toxicol,2021,18(1):26-34. doi: 10.1186/s12989-021-00421-2 [6] Wang X,Hou L,Cui M,et al. The traditional Chinese medicine and non-small cell lung cancer: from a gut microbiome perspective[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol,2023,13(1):1151557-1151563. [7] Agirman G,Yu KB,Hsiao EY. Signaling inflammation across the gut-brain axis[J]. Science,2021,374(6571):1087-1092. doi: 10.1126/science.abi6087 [8] Zhao S,Khoo S,Ng SC,et al. Brain functional network and amino acid metabolism association in females with subclinical depression[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health,2022,19(6):3321-3328. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063321 [9] Lou J,Cui S,Li J,et al. Causal relationship between the gut microbiome and basal cell carcinoma,melanoma skin cancer,ease of skin tanning: evidence from three two-sample mendelian randomisation studies[J]. Front Immunol,2024,15(3):1279680-1279685. [10] Zhao HR,Xian QC,Zhang XM,et al. Jianpi Huayu prescription prevents atherosclerosis by improving inflammation and reshaping the intestinal microbiota in ApoE-/- mice[J]. Cell Biochem Biophys,2024,82(3):2297-2319. doi: 10.1007/s12013-024-01341-6 [11] Deng B,Tao L,Wang Y. Natural products against inflammation and atherosclerosis: Targeting on gut microbiota[J]. Front Microbiol,2022,13(2):997056-997061. [12] Yan Q,Zhai W,Yang C,et al. The relationship among physical activity,intestinal flora,and cardiovascular disease[J]. Cardiovasc Ther,2021,2021(4):3364418-3364423. [13] Li Y,Chen Y,Li Z,et al. Gut microbiome and atherosclerosis: A Mendelian randomization study[J]. Rev Cardiovasc Med,2024,25(2):41-47. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2502041 [14] Toya T,Corban MT,Marrietta E,et al. Coronary artery disease is associated with an altered gut microbiome composition[J]. PLoS One,2020,15(1):27147-27153. [15] Wang S,Zhang J,Wang Y,et al. NLRP3 inflammasome as a novel therapeutic target for heart failure[J]. Anatol J Cardiol,2022,26(1):15-22. doi: 10.5152/AnatolJCardiol.2021.580 [16] Liu J,Zhang T,Wang Y,et al. Baicalin ameliorates neuropathology in repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model mice by remodeling the gut microbiota[J]. Aging (Albany NY),2020,12(4):3791-3806. doi: 10.18632/aging.102846 [17] Al-Hadlaq SM,Balto HA,Hassan WM,et al. Biomarkers of non-communicable chronic disease: an update on contemporary methods[J]. PeerJ,2022,10(4):12977-12983. [18] Oktaviono YH,Dyah Lamara A,Saputra PBT,et al. The roles of trimethylamine-N-oxide in atherosclerosis and its potential therapeutic aspect: A literature review[J]. Biomol Biomed,2023,23(6):936-948. [19] Li X,Geng J,Zhao J,et al. Trimethylamine N-Oxide exacerbates cardiac fibrosis via activating the NLRP3 inflammasome[J]. Front Physiol,2019,10(6):866-872. [20] Wang Z,Liu C,Wei J,et al. Network and experimental pharmacology on mechanism of Yixintai regulates the TMAO/PKC/NF-κB signaling pathway in treating heart failure[J]. Drug Des Devel Ther,2024,18(2):1415-1438. [21] Mutalub YB,Abdulwahab M,Mohammed A,et al. Gut microbiota modulation as a novel therapeutic strategy in cardiometabolic diseases[J]. Foods,2022,11(17):2575-2583. doi: 10.3390/foods11172575 [22] Cantu-Jungles TM,Rasmussen HE,Hamaker BR. Potential of prebiotic butyrogenic fibers in Parkinson's disease[J]. Front Neurol,2019,10(4):663-672. [23] Yue M,Zhang L. Exploring the mechanistic interplay between gut microbiota and precocious puberty: A narrative review[J]. Microorganisms,2024,12(2):323-328. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12020323 [24] Shen X,Li L,Sun Z,et al. Gut microbiota and atherosclerosis—focusing on the plaque stability[J]. Front Cardiovasc Med,2021,8(5):668532-668543. [25] Hu X,Li H,Zhao X,et al. Multi-omics study reveals that statin therapy is associated with restoration of gut microbiota homeostasis and improvement in outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome[J]. Theranostics,2021,11(12):5778-5793. doi: 10.7150/thno.55946 [26] Nemet I,Saha PP,Gupta N,et al. A cardiovascular disease-linked gut microbial metabolite acts via adrenergic receptors[J]. Cell,2020,180(5):862-877. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.016 [27] Hua J,Jia X,Zhang L,et al. The characterization of two-component system PmrA/PmrB in Cronobacter sakazakii[J]. Front Microbiol,2020,119(2):903-911. [28] Yoshida N,Emoto T,Yamashita T,et al. Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides dorei reduce gut microbial lipopolysaccharide production and inhibit atherosclerosis[J]. Circulation,2018,138(22):2486-2498. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.033714 [29] Meessen ECE,Sips FLP,Eggink HM,et al. Model-based data analysis of individual human postprandial plasma bile acid responses indicates a major role for the gallbladder and intestine[J]. Physiol Rep,2020,8(5):14358-14364. [30] Reiman D,Layden BT,Dai Y. MiMeNet: Exploring microbiome-metabolome relationships using neural networks[J]. PLoS Comput Biol,2021,17(5):100-106 [31] 陈嫚,刘洪涛,林相豪,等. 基于肠道菌群及胆汁酸代谢探讨动脉粥样硬化的发病机制[J]. 现代中西医结合杂志,2022,31(05):709-713. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-8849.2022.05.025 [32] Li Y,Hou H,Wang X,et al. Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Ameliorates Obesity Through Modulation of Gut Microbiota-Conjugated BAs-FXR Signaling[J]. Front Pharmacol,2021,12(5):796590-796576. [33] Ferrell JM,Chiang JYL. Understanding Bile Acid Signaling in Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets[J]. Diabetes Metab J,2019,43(3):257-272. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0043 [34] Tindall AM,McLimans CJ,Petersen KS,et al. Walnuts and Vegetable Oils Containing Oleic Acid Differentially Affect the Gut Microbiota and Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Follow-up of a Randomized,Controlled,Feeding Trial in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease[J]. J Nutr,2020,150(4):806-817. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz289 [35] Liang H,Yu A,Wang Z,et al. Atherosclerotic patients with diabetes mellitus may break through the threshold of healthy TMAO levels formed by long-term statins therapy[J]. Heliyon,2023,9(2):13657-13663. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13657 [36] Kim ES,Yoon BH,Lee SM,et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates atherosclerosis in mice with C1q/TNF-related protein 9 genetic deficiency[J]. Exp Mol Med,2022,54(2):103-114. doi: 10.1038/s12276-022-00728-w [37] Thomas J,Sachdeva M,Dhar S,et al. Delphi Consensus Statement on the Role of Probiotics in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis[J]. Cureus,2024,16(7):64583-64587. [38] Kappel BA,De Angelis L,Heiser M,et al. Cross-omics analysis revealed gut microbiome-related metabolic pathways underlying atherosclerosis development after antibiotics treatment[J]. Mol Metab,2020,36(3):100976-100982. [39] Li C,Zhu L,Dai Y,et al. Diet-Induced High Serum Levels of Trimethylamine-N-oxide Enhance the Cellular Inflammatory Response without Exacerbating Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Injury in Mice[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev,2022,45(2):15747-15755. [40] Zhu Y,Shui X,Liang Z,et al. Gut microbiota metabolites as integral mediators in cardiovascular diseases (Review)[J]. Int J Mol Med,2020,46(3):936-948. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4674
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 34
- HTML全文浏览量: 30
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0