Cognition of PICC Maintenance Knowledge and Influencing Factors of Medical Nurses at Different Levels in Yunnan Province
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摘要:
目的 了解云南省各级医疗机构临床护士对外周静脉穿刺置入中心静脉导管(PICC)维护相关知识的认知情况及影响因素,为提高本地区PICC维护能力措施的制定提供依据。 方法 采用分层抽样的方法,对云南省67家医院4297名临床护士行问卷调查。 结果 PICC维护相关知识平均分(52.19±12.38)分,1.56%优秀,31.86%合格,66.58%不及格;医院级别、是否为静脉输液或PICC护理小组成员、学历、职称、每月维护例数、总共接受过的培训次数是影响得分的重要因素(P < 0.05)。 结论 云南省各级医疗机构临床护士对PICC相关维护知识整体掌握情况不佳,各级医院应针对各院具体情况加强培训,探索适宜的培训方式,以提高护士认知水平。 Abstract:Objective To understand the cognitive status and influencing factors of clinical nurses at all levels of medical institutions in Yunnan Province for the treatment of peripheral venous puncture and central venous catheter(PICC), and to provide evidence for improving the PICC maintenance capacity measures in this area. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to survey 4297 clinical nurses in 67 hospitals in Yunnan Province. Results PICC maintenance related knowledge average score was 52.19±12.38 points, with 1.56% of excellent rate, 31.86% of qualified rate, and 66.58% fo failed rate. Hospital level, whether intravenous infusion or PICC nursing team members, education, professional title, monthly maintenance cases, the total number of training received were important factors influencing the score(P < 0.05). Conclusions The clinical nurses at all levels of medical institutions in Yunnan Province have poor overall knowledge of PICC-related maintenance knowledge. Hospitals at all levels should strengthen training for each hospital's specific conditions and explore appropriate training methods to improve nurses' cognitive level. -
Key words:
- Yunnan Province /
- Clinical nurse /
- PICC /
- Maintenance /
- Cognition and influencing factors
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表 1 PICC维护知识各条目正确率(n = 4297)
Table 1. PICC maintenance knowledge correctness of each item (n = 4297)
题项 正确数(n) 正确率(%) 95% CI(%) 冲封管的方式 4265 99.26 99.25-99.26 置管侧手臂可进行的活动 3862 89.88 89.86-89.89 冲管液的用量 3731 86.83 86.81-86.84 输液不畅的处理 3714 86.43 86.41-86.44 导管脱出处理方法 3452 80.34 80.32-80.35 皮肤消毒范围 2988 69.54 69.51-69.56 治疗间歇的冲管时间 2982 69.40 69.37-69.42 带管患者可从事的活动 2972 69.16 69.13-69.18 冲封管液注射器的规格 2794 65.02 64.99-64.04 透明贴膜更换的相关知识 2793 65.00 64.97-65.02 穿刺点渗血渗液的处理 2551 59.37 59.70-59.75 导管固定方法 2447 56.95 56.92-56.97 更换输液接头的相关知识 2223 51.73 51.70-51.75 冲管液的选择 2199 51.18 51.15-51.20 静脉炎处理方法 2028 47.20 47.17-47.22 置管后第一次换膜时间 1958 45.57 45.54-45.59 透明贴膜更换的方法 1898 44.17 44.14-44.19 导管相关性感染的预防措施 1729 40.24 40.21-40.26 置管侧手臂可进行的输液操作 1540 35.84 35.81-35.86 静脉血栓的判断 934 21.74 21.72-21.75 导管相关性感染的判断 850 19.78 19.73-19.76 导管断裂的处理 760 17.69 17.67-17.70 封管液的选择 675 15.71 15.69-15.72 皮肤消毒液的选择 511 11.89 11.87-11.90 封管液的用量 206 4.79 4.78-4.79 表 2 PICC维护知识的影响因素*PICC知识技能得分的单因素分析结果(
$\bar x \pm s $ )Table 2. Influencing factors of PICC maintenance knowledge *single-factor analysis results of PICC knowledge and skills score(
$\bar x \pm s $ )项目 n $\bar x \pm s$ t/F P 是否专职从事PICC维护工作 −0.108 0.914 是 147 52.15±16.91 否 4150 52±12.2 是否担任PICC维护的知识技能培训工作 2.341 0.020* 是 410 53.86±15.60 否 3887 52.00±11.98 是否为静脉输液或PICC护理小组成员 5.645 < 0.001* 是 587 55.37±15.19 否 3710 51.68±11.80 学历 82.14 < 0.001* 中专及以下 148 47.37±12.89 大专/高职 1 817 49.21±11.92 本科 2325 54.79±12.08 硕士及以上 7 60±15.14 护龄 39.17 < 0.001* 小于10a 3011 51.11±12.08 10-20a 805 54.40±12.26 > 20a 481 55.20±13.49 职称 58.74 < 0.001* 实习护士 4 45±17.09 护士 1430 48.56±11.88 护师 1 984 52.60±11.83 主管护师 669 56.81±12.07 副主任护师 202 58.05±13.83 主任护师 8 66±10.69 平均每月PICC维护例数 476 < 0.001* < 5 1263 44.31±11.46 5-10 2537 54.02±10.79 > 10 497 62.83±14.39 总计接受过的培训次数 596.4 < 0.001* < 5 1 936 46.56±11.59 5-10 2274 56.45±10.89 > 10 87 66.11±10.48 医院等级 41.78 < 0.001* 一级 95 49.77±12.41 二级 2025 50.49±12.23 三级 2177 53.87±12.29 *P < 0.05。 表 3 PICC相关知识得分影响因素的多重线性回归分析结果(n = 4 297)
Table 3. Results of multiple linear regression analysis of the influencing factors of PICC related knowledge score (n = 4 297)
自变量 B Std t Beta P 常量 16.783 0.996 17.372 − < 0.001 医院等级 1.450 0.272 5.327 0.112 < 0.001 是否为静脉输液或PICC护理小组成员 1.952 0.453 4.311 0.054 < 0.001 学历 1.520 0.284 5.344 0.069 < 0.001 职称 3.073 0.300 10.238 0.409 < 0.001 是否担任PICC维护的知识技能培训工作 0.359 0.542 0.663 0.008 0.507 每月维护例数 1.144 0.043 26.603 0.319 < 0.001 总共接受过的培训次数 2.11 0.622 33.972 0.409 < 0.001 注:a. 因变量:PICC维护知识技能得分;回归方程赋值:是否为静脉护理或PICC护理小组成员,是 = 1,否 = 0;是否担任PICC维护的知识技能培训工作,是 = 1,否 = 0。 表 4 护士获取PICC维护知识的途径和培训需求(n = 4 297)
Table 4. Nurses’ access to PICC maintenance knowledge and training needs (n = 4 297)
项目 n 构成比(%) 获得PICC维护的途径 业务培训 3569 83.06 以往的工作经验 1731 40.28 自学专业书籍 1633 38.00 新闻媒体 735 17.10 其他 505 11.75 培训机构 医院 3 871 90.06 PICC厂家 130 3.02 护理学会 211 4.91 护理学院 85 2.00 接受正式培训的培训方式 在职培训 4 074 94.81 脱产培训 223 5.28 培训的考核方式 笔试 857 19.94 现场操作 3019 70.26 其他 421 9.80 期望的培训模式是 在职培训 3742 87.10 脱产培训 555 12.92 -
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