Analysis of Neck Pain and Related Factors in Medical Students
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摘要:
目的 调查医学生颈痛的发生率和相关影响因素,以及颈痛的症状和对日常生活的影响。 方法 用自行设计的问卷调查2018年9月至2019年10月昆明医科大学的在校医学生,采用随机抽样调查法选取了850名医学生进行调查(有效问卷836份),包括一般情况、颈痛相关状况和对日常生活的影响,并对颈痛的相关因素进行统计分析。 结果 836名医学生在12个月调查中曾发生过颈痛658人(占78.71%),未曾发生颈痛178人(占21.29%)。颈痛的发生与每天使用手机的时间,每天伏案阅读和写作时间、背包习惯、心理状况、是否进行日常颈部锻炼具有相关性(P < 0.05)。多因素Logistics回归分析显示:每天使用手机时间每升高一个时间段,颈痛发生的可能增加1.392倍(OR = 1.392),不进行日常颈部锻炼的人与进行日常颈部锻炼的人比,发生颈痛的可能性增加1.183倍(OR = 1.943)。绝大部分颈痛的医学生颈椎功能障碍指数NDI评估为轻度功能障碍。 结论 医学生颈痛发生率高,导致颈痛的因素包括每日使用手机的时间、伏案阅读和写作时间、背包习惯、心理状况、日常颈部锻炼。日常颈部锻炼可降低颈痛的发生,建议医学生进行常规的颈部锻炼。大部分颈痛的医学生其日常生活受影响程度较轻。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the incidence and related influencing factors of neck pain in medical students, as well as the symptoms of neck pain and their impact on daily life. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey medical students at Kunming Medical University from September 2018 to October 2019. A random sampling survey was used to select 850 medical students for survey(836 valid questionnaires), including general conditions, neck pain related conditions and their impact on daily life, and analyse related factors of neck pain. Results In the 12-month survey, 658 out of 836 medical students reported they have had neck pains(78.71%), the rest 178 reported they did not have neck pains(21.29%). The occurrence of neck pain was correlated with the time of using mobile phones, the time of reading and writing at the desk every day, backpack habits, psychological status, and whether they did daily neck exercises(P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the likelihood of neck pain increased by 1.392 times with each increase in daily cell phone use(OR = 1.392); those respondents who did not do regular neck exercise were 1.183-fold more likely to have neck pain than those who did regular neck exercise(OR = 1.943). The overwhelming majority of medical students with cervical pain were assessed as mildly dysfunctional by cervical spine dysfunction index NDI. Conclusion Medical students have a high incidence of neck pain, which is caused by many factors, including the time they use mobile phones every day, the time they read and write at the desk, backpack habits, psychological status, and daily neck exercise. Regular neck exercise can reduce the incidence of neck pain. It is recommended that medical students take regular neck exercise. The impact on daily life are mild among those students with neck pain. -
Key words:
- Neck pain /
- Medical students /
- Related factors
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表 1 医学生颈痛基本情况
Table 1. Basic information of neck pain in medical students
变量 分类 n(%) 性别 男 403(46.69) 女 433(53.31) 年龄[( $\bar x\pm s $)岁] − 20.15±1.96 过去12个月是否发生颈痛 是 658(78.71) 否 178(21.29) 颈痛情况 发展为慢性颈痛 50(5.98) 偶尔发生1~2次 786(94.02) 颈痛常发生的部位 颈后部 309(46.96) 颈后部和上背部 266(40.43) 上背部 83(12.61) 静息状态疼痛程度VAS评分 1~3分 511(77.66) 4~6分 142(21.58) 7~10分 5(0.76) 颈痛常发生在哪侧 左侧 171(25.99) 右侧 201(30.55) 双侧 286(43.46) 表 2 医学生颈痛影响因素的单因素分析[(n)%]
Table 2. Single factor analysis of influencing factors of neck pain in medical students[(n)%]
相关影响因素 是否发生过颈肩部疼痛 χ2 P 是 否 每天使用手机时间 < 4 h 77(11.7) 30(16.9) 14.127 0.003 4~5 h 197(29.9) 65(36.5) 6~9 h 249(37.8) 66(37.1) > 10 h 135(20.5) 17(9.6) 背包习惯 双肩包 590(89.7) 158(88.8) 8.074 0.045 单肩包(左边) 16(2.4) 8(4.5) 单肩包(右边) 45(6.8) 6(3.4) 单肩包(不固定) 7(1.1) 6(3.4) 在过去的两周是否出现焦虑、抑郁的情绪 焦虑 160(24.3) 29(16.3) 11.046 0.011 抑郁 41(6.2) 14(7.9) 两者都有 228(34.7) 52(29.2) 两者都无 229(34.8) 83(46.6) 每天伏案阅读和写作时间 < 2 h 255(38.8) 89(50.0) 10.802 0.005 2~4 h 254(38.6) 46(25.8) > 4 h 149(22.6) 43(24.2) 是否进行颈部锻炼 日常颈部锻炼 134(20.4) 21(11.8) 6.808 0.009 不做颈部锻炼 524(79.6) 157(88.2) 表 3 医学生颈痛相关影响因素赋值
Table 3. Evaluation of influencing factors of neck pain in medical students
变量 赋值 每天使用手机时间(X1) < 4 h:1,4~5 h:2,6~9 h:3,> 10 h:4 背包习惯(X2) 双肩包:1,单肩包(左边):2,单肩包(右边):3,单肩包(不固定):4 在过去的两周是否出现焦虑、抑郁的情绪(X3) 两者都无:1,焦虑:2,抑郁:3,两者都有:4 每天伏案阅读和写作时间(X4) < 2 h:1,2~4 h:2,> 4 h:3 是否进行颈部锻炼(X5) 日常颈部锻炼:0,不做颈部锻炼:1 过去12个月是否发生颈痛(Y) 否:0,是:1 表 4 Logistics回归系数表
Table 4. Logistic regression coefficient table
变量 $\;\beta$ S.E wald Sig. Exp $ ( \beta ) $ 95% CI Exp $ ( \beta ) $ Lower Upper 每天使用手机的时间 0.334 0.093 12.595 0.000 1.396 1.164 1.674 平日是否会进行颈部锻炼 0.684 0.248 7.575 0.006 1.981 1.217 3.223 Constant 0.349 0.247 2.003 0.157 1.418 表 5 医学生颈痛的相关症状[(n)%]
Table 5. Related symptoms of neck pain in medical students[(n)%]
颈痛相关症状 是 否 颈部有过僵硬、弹响 300(45.57) 358(54.43) 颈肩部易疲劳疼痛 364(55.38) 294(44.62) 肩臂出现过疼痛或麻木 181(27.51) 477(72.49) 由于颈痛而出现胸闷心 57(8.73) 601(91.27) 时而出现眩晕、头痛 139(40.79) 519(59.21) 常常会耳鸣、烦躁 152(23.09) 506(76.91) 表 6 颈痛对日常生活的影响[(n)%]
Table 6. Impact of neck pain on daily life[(n)%]
慢性颈痛对生活的影响(NDI指数) 严重程度 人数和比例 疼痛 我现在没有颈部、肩部疼痛 262(39.83) 我现在有非常轻微的疼痛 347(52.75) 我现在有中度的疼痛 43(6.46) 我现在有较严重的疼痛 6(0.96) 生活状况(洗漱穿衣等) 我能正常的自理生活不引起特殊疼痛 611(92.82) 我能正常的自理生活但引起特殊疼痛 30(4.55) 自理生活时会疼痛因此须缓慢、小心 17(2.63) 提物 我可以提物而不引起特殊疼痛 593(90.19) 我可以提物但引起特殊疼痛 48(7.3) 疼痛使我不能从地面上提起重物,但如放在台子上我可以移动它 17(2.51) 阅读 我能长时间阅读而不引起颈部疼痛 202(30.74) 我能长时间阅读只引起轻微颈部疼痛 487(57.30) 我能长时间阅读但会引起中度颈部疼痛 71(10.77) 因为颈部疼痛我不能长时间阅读 8(0.88) 头痛 我从不头疼 119(18.06) 我有时有轻度的头疼 449(68.30) 我有时有中度头疼 57(8.73) 我经常有中度头疼 21(3.23) 我经常有严重头疼 12(1.68) 集中注意力 我能很轻易的集中注意力 225(34.21) 我能集中注意力但有一点点困难 337(51.2) 我能集中注意力但有中度困难 71(10.77) 集中注意力对我来说很困难 16(2.39) 集中注意力对我来说非常困难 9(1.44) 工作(学习任务) 我想做多少工作都能完成 231(35.05) 我只能完成我日常的工作 308(46.77) 我只能完成我日常工作中的大部分 119(18.11) 开车 我能长时间开车而不引起颈痛 314(47.85) 我能长时间开车只引起轻微颈痛 279(42.46) 我能长时间开车但会引起中度颈部疼痛 39(5.94) 睡眠 我睡眠没问题 530(80.62) 我睡眠因为颈痛受到轻微影响(失眠 < 1 h) 99(15.07) 我睡眠因为颈痛受到轻度影响(失眠1~2 h) 29(14.31) 娱乐 我能进行日常娱乐而没有颈部疼痛 522(79.31) 我能进行日常娱乐只引起轻微颈部疼痛 113(17.11) 因为颈部疼痛我只能进行日常娱乐的大部分而不是全部 23(3.58) -
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