Clinical Characteristics of Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features
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摘要:
目的 探讨具有自身免疫特征的间质性肺炎(interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features,IPAF)患者的临床特征,比较IPAF与非IPAF-IIP(特发性间质性肺炎)、IPF(特发性肺纤维化)的临床差异。 方法 纳入2014年1月至2019年12月在昆明医科大学第二附属医院呼吸内科、风湿免疫科连续性诊断为IIP(n = 130)的患者,其中IPAF66例,不能诊断为IPAF的IIP患者(非IPAF-IIP)64例,在非IPAF-IIP中找出符合IPF诊断的患者为IPF组42例。收集患者的一般情况、临床症状体征及辅助检查等临床资料,对各组不同指标数据进行统计分析,明确其特点及差异性。 结果 在130例IIP患者中,有66例(50.8%)被重新分类为IPAF,在64例(49.2%)非IPAF-IIP中有42例(32.3%)IPF。IPAF主要以形态学及血清学领域达到诊断标准为主。三个领域中分别以炎性关节炎或多关节晨僵≥60 min、ANA、NSIP为主要表现;相比于非IPAF-IIP及IPF,IPAF以不吸烟女性患者为主,激素使用率更高,并且具有较高的DLCO、FVC和较低的肺动脉压,三组患者临床表现相似,鉴别困难,女性、胸腔多部位受累及临床体征的发现可能有助于诊断,三组之间生存率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),但IPAF中位生存时间大于非IPAF-IIP及IPF。 结论 (1)IPAF主要以形态学及血清学领域达到诊断标准为主;(2)HRCT主要以NSIP为主,血清学领域主要以ANA阳性为主;(3)IPAF激素使用率明显高于非IPAF-IIP及IPF。 -
关键词:
- 具有自身免疫特征的间质性肺炎 /
- 临床特点 /
- 诊断
Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical features of interstitial pneumonia (IPAF) patients with autoimmune characteristics, and to compare the clinical difference between IPAF and non-IPAF-IIP (idiopathic interstitial pneumonia) and IPF (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). Methods Patients (n = 130) diagnosed with IIP consecutively in Department of Respiratory Medicine and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2014 to December 2019 were included, including 66 cases of IPAF, 64 cases of IIP that could not be diagnosed as IPAF (non-IPAF-IIP); and in the non-IPAF-IIP group, 42 patients in the IPF group were found to meet the IPF diagnosis. The demographics, clinical symptoms and signs, lab results and other clinical data of the patients were collected, and statistical analysis was conducted on the data of different indicators in each group to differentiate their characteristics. Results Among 130 IIP patients, 66 (50.8%) were reclassified as IPAF, and 42 (32.3%) were reclassified as IPF among non-IPAF-IIP (64 (49.2%)). IPAF diagnosis is mainly based on criteria in morphology and serology. Inflammatory arthritis or multi-joint morning stiffness ≥60 min, ANA and NSIP were the main manifestations in the three fields. Compared with non-IPAF-IIP and IPF, IPAF is more commonly seen in non-smoking female patients, with higher hormone using rate and higher DLCO, FVC and lower pulmonary artery pressure. The clinical manifestations of the three groups are similar, making it difficult to differentiate. Female, multiple chest lesions and clinical signs may be helpful for differential diagnosis. There is no significant difference in survival rate among the three groups (P > 0.05), but the median survival time of IPAF is higher than non-IPAF-IIP and IPF. Conclusion (1) IPAF diagnosis is mainly based on criteria in morphology and serology; (2) NSIP is the main type of HRCT, and ANA is the main serological type; (3) The hormone using rate of IPAF was significantly higher than non-IPAF-IIP and IPF. -
表 1 IPAF组分别与非IPAF-IIP及IPF组一般资料及治疗方案比较[(
$\bar x \pm s $ ),n(%)]Table 1. Comparison pre- and post-treatment clinical characteristics and between groups[(
$\bar x \pm s $ ),n(%)]变量 总计
(n = 130)IPAF组
(n = 66)非IPAF-IIP组
(n = 64)IPF组
(n = 42)(χ2/t)P 非IPAF-IIP IPF 性别 女 50(38.5) 31(47.0) 19(29.7)* 11(26.2)* (4.1)0.043 (4.663)0.031 男 80(61.5) 35(53.0) 45(70.3)* 31(73.8)* 年龄(岁) 71 ± 16.25 72.5 ± 15.5 69 ± 16.8 73.5 ± 16.3 (−1.447)0.148 (−0.441)0.659 吸烟史 65(50.0) 24(36.4) 41(64.1)* 29(69.0)* (9.972)0.002 (10.971)0.001 汉族 123(94.6) 62(93.9) 61(95.3) 39(92.9) (0.0)1.0 (0.0)1.0 合并症 高血压 47(36.2) 19(28.8) 28(43.8)* 20(47.6)* (3.151)0.076 (3.945)0.047* 糖尿病 18(13.8) 8(12.1) 10(15.6) 8(19.0) (0.334)0.563 (0.976)0.323 冠心病 8(6.2) 4(6.1) 4(6.2) 4(9.5) (0.0)1.0 (0.086)0.769 胆囊切除术后 21(16.2) 13(19.7) 8(12.5) 8(19.0) (1.234)0.265 (0.007)0.934 阑尾切除术后 20(15.4) 12(18.2) 8(12.5) 7(16.7) (0.806)0.369 (0.041)0.840 治疗方案 抗生素 118(90.8) 61(92.4) 57(89.1) 38(90.5) (0.438)0.508 (0.0)0.721 质子泵抑制剂 50(38.5) 28(42.4) 22(34.4) 13(31.0) (0.889)0.346 (1.434)0.231 类固醇类激素 72(55.4) 43(65.2) 29(45.3)* 17(40.5)* (5.175)0.023* (6.329)0.012* 低分子肝素 91(70.0) 46(69.7) 45(70.3) 31(73.8) (0.006)0.939 (0.212)0.645 环磷酰胺 1(0.9) 1(1.5) 0 0 − − IIP:特发性间质性肺炎;IPAF:具有自身免疫特征的间质性肺炎;IPF:特发性肺纤维化。与IPAF组比较,*P < 0.05。 表 2 IPAF组分别与非IPAF-IIP及IPF组临床数据比较[(
$\bar x \pm s $ ),n(%)]Table 2. Comparison of clinical data among groups[(
$\bar x \pm s $ ),n(%)]变量 总计 IPAF组 非IPAF-IIP组 IPF组 (χ2/t)P 非IPAF-IIP IPF 呼吸衰竭(n = 126) 64(61.0) 36(57.1) 38(60.3) 28(66.7) (0.131)0.717 (0.960)0.327 支气管舒张实验阳性(n = 96) 9(9.4) 3(6.7) 6(11.8) 4(12.1) (0.254)0.614 (0.186)0.666 通气功能障碍(n = 112) 90(80.4) 45(76.3) 45(84.9) 30(88.2) (1.319)0.251 (1.978)0.160 DLCO占预计值(%)(n = 41) 64.0 ± 29.5 66 ± 32.5 61 ± 23.0 56 ± 27.75 (−1.020)0.308 (−1.071)0.296 FVC(L)(n = 112) 1.91 ± 1.47 1.88 ± 1.36 1.94 ± 1.55 1.53 ± 1.29 (−0.364)0.716 (−1.221)0.222 肺动脉压(mmHg)(n = 114) 34 ± 19.25 34 ± 19.8 34 ± 18.8 41 ± 20.8 (−0.313)0.755 (−1.167)0.243 甲状腺功能异常(n = 71) 37(52.1) 18(52.9) 19(51.4) 14(58.3) (0.018)0.893 (0.165)0.684 NSIP(n = 130) 33(25.4) 29(43.9) 4(6.3)** 0** (24.368)0.000 (25.229)0.000 UIP(n = 130) 64(49.2) 22(33.3) 42(65.6) 42(100) OP(n = 130) 17(13.1) 9(13.6) 8(12.5) 0 NSIP+OP(n = 130) 8(6.2) 6(9.1) 2(3.1) 0 COP(n = 130) 7(5.4) 0 7(10.9) 0 AIP(n = 130) 1(0.8) 0 1(1.6) 0 DLCO:肺对一氧化碳的扩散能力;FVC:强制肺活量;HRCT:高分辨率计算机断层扫描;NSIP:非特异性间质性肺炎;OP:机化性肺炎;UIP:普通型间质性肺炎;COP:隐源性机化性肺炎;AIP:急性间质性肺炎。(当样本量n < 40或理论频数T < 5时采用Fisher精确检验)。与IPAF组比较, **P < 0.001。 表 3 IPAF患者在工作组诊断标准中的特点[n(%)]
Table 3. Characteristics of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features in the task[n(%)]
临床特点 IPAF 1.存在间质性肺疾病(HRCT或外科肺活检证实) 66(100) 2.除外其他已知病因 66(100) 3.尚不能够诊断为某一确定的CTD 66(100) 4.至少有如下特征中的两个表现: 66(100) A.临床表现 18(27.3) 炎性关节炎或多关节晨僵≥60 min 6(33.3) 不明原因手指肿胀 5(27.8) 雷诺现象 3(16.7) 远端指尖皮肤溃疡 2(11.1) 远端手指皮肤裂纹(“技工手”) 2(11.1) B.血清学表现 54(81.8) ANA 28(51.9) RF≥2倍正常上限 10(18.5) 抗核糖蛋白 10(18.5) PM-SCL 6(11.1) Scl-70 5(9.3) 抗双链DNA 5(9.3) SSA 4(7.4) Smith 4(7.4) 抗CCP 3(5.6) Jo-1 3(5.6) SSB 2(3.7) C.形态学表现(HRCT) 62(93.9) NSIP 29(46.8) UIP 22(35.5) OP 9(14.5) NSIP+OP 6(9.7) 胸腔多部位受累 25(40.3) 原因不明的内源性气道疾病 4(16.0) 原因不明的肺血管病变 9(36.0) 原因不明的胸膜或心包积液或增厚 12(48.0) ANA:抗核抗体;RF:类风湿因子;抗CCP:抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体。 -
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