Healthy Lifestyles and Impact Factors of Students from Medical Colleges in Yunnan
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摘要:
目的 调查分析云南省医学院校大学生健康生活方式状况及分析社会人口特征对其影响因素。 方法 随机选择2278名大学生，使用调查问卷评分量表和数理统计方法研究分析大学生健康生活方式。 结果 当控制其他变量时，大学生的性别、年级、父亲的受教育程度预测总健康生活方式得分（0.039、0.012、0.032，P < 0.05）；大学生的性别、年级和家庭月收入预测运动行为（0.031、0.003、0.0045，P < 0.05）；性别、年级、家庭每月收入、父亲的受教育程度预测规则行为（0.022、0.0015、0.0001，P < 0.05）；营养行为部分地受家庭月收入和父亲的教育水平的调节（P < 0.05）；健康危险行为受性别、母亲受教育水平和家庭月收入的调节（P < 0.05）；健康责任受性别、年级和父亲的受教育程度的调节（P < 0.05）；社会支持受性别、年级和父亲受教育水平的调节（P < 0.05）；压力管理受性别、年级和母亲的受教育程度所调节（P < 0.05）；生活欣赏受年级和母亲受教育程度的调节（P < 0.05）。 结论 大学生健康生活方式主要受性别、年级、家庭月收入和父母亲的受教育程度的影响。这些影响因素可用作大学生健康生活方式预测变量。 Abstract:Objectives To investigate and analyze the health lifestyle of medical students and the impact factors of social and demographic characteristics. Methods A total of 2, 278 medical students were randomly selected and their health lifestyle information was collected and analyzed by using questionnaire scoring scale. Results When controlling other variables, gender, grade, and father's education level predicted total healthy lifestyle score were 0.039, 0.012, 0.032, respectively（P < 0.05）; exercise behaviour was predicted partially by gender, grade, and family monthly income（0.031、0.003、0.0045, P < 0.05）; regular behaviour was modulated by gender, grade, family monthly income, and father's educational level（0.022、0.0015、0.0001, P < 0.05）; nutrition behaviour was affected partially by family monthly income and father's educational level（P < 0.05）; health risk behaviour was modulated by gender, mother's education level, and family monthly income（P < 0.05）; health responsibility was modulated by gender, grade, and father's educational level（P < 0.05）; social support was modulated by gender, grade, and father's educational level（P < 0.05）; stress management was modulated by gender, grade, and mother's education level（P < 0.05）; life appreciation was modulated by grade and mother's educational level（P < 0.05）. Conclusions Medical students' healthy lifestyles are influenced by gender, grade, family monthly income and father's and mother's education level. These influences can be used as a predictor of healthy lifestyle of medical students. -
表 1 研究对象社会人口学特征（n = 2 278）
Table 1. Demographic characteristics of subjects（n = 2 278）
社会人口学特征 n 占比% 性别 男 1084 45.17 女 1316 54.83 年级 大一 1050 46.09 大二 624 27.39 大三以上 604 26.51 父亲受教育水平 小学 297 13.04 中学 1435 62.99 大学 546 23.97 母亲受教育水平 小学 683 29.98 中学 1253 55.00 大学 342 15.01 入学前户籍所在地学校 农村 981 43.06 城镇 705 30.95 城市 592 25.99 家庭月收入 0～ 972 42.67 2 000～ 910 39.95 5000～ 317 13.92 10000～ 79 3.48 
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表 2 大学生健康生活方式的评分与分布[（n = 2 278），分]
Table 2. Distribution and healthy lifestyles scale scores in university students[（n = 2 278），scores]
HLSUS 得分范围 获得分数 $\bar x \pm s $ 总HLSUS（38项） 38～190 65～190 139.83 ± 17.05 运动行为（4项） 4～20 4～20 11.75 ± 3.00 规则行为（4项） 4～20 4～20 14.72 ± 2.91 营养行为（4项） 4～20 4～20 13.79 ± 3.17 健康危险行为（4项） 4～20 4～20 14.24 ± 2.35 健康责任（4项） 6～30 6～30 24.82 ± 3.63 社会支持（6项） 6～30 6～30 22.74 ± 4.03 压力管理（5项） 5～25 5～25 18.39 ± 3.29 生命欣赏（5项） 5～25 5～25 19.29 ± 3.72
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表 3 社会人口学特征与大学生健康生活方式的关系（
$\bar x \pm s $ ）Table 3. The relationship between the demographic characteristics and healthylifestyle of university students（
$\bar x \pm s $ ）社会人口
学特征总HLSUS 运动行为 规则行为 营养行为 健康危险行为 健康责任 社会支持 压力管理 生命欣赏 性别 男 139.72 ± 19.04 12.75 ± 3.32 14.51 ± 3.13 13.90 ± 3.14 13.75 ± 2.65 24.35 ± 4.05 22.32 ± 4.25 18.70 ± 3.39 19.44 ± 3.91 女 139.96 ± 15.13 10.91 ± 2.38 14. 90 ± 2.71 13.84 ± 3.22 14.68 ± 1.97 25.21 ± 3.22 23.19 ± 3.68 18.17 ± 3.21 19.21 ± 3.49 P 0.039* 0.031* 0.022* 0.15 0.002* 0.001* 0.026* 0.003* 0.0042* 年级 大一 141.28 ± 17.65 12.34 ± 3.28 14.85 ± 3.00 13.72 ± 3.22 14.19 ± 2.63 25.06 ± 3.61 22.92 ± 4.10 18.55 ± 3.39 19.72 ± 3.81 大二 138.07 ± 16.77 11.10 ± 2.52 14.57 ± 2.81 13.78 ± 3.31 14.40 ± 2.13 24.65 ± 3.60 22.55 ± 4.11 18.16 ± 3.40 18.91 ± 3.63 大三以上 139.02 ± 15.91 11.31 ± 2.64 14.58 ± 2.83 14.23 ± 3.03 14.23 ± 2.15 24.63 ± 3.69 22.69 ± 3.83 18.46 ± 3.08 18.96 ± 3.65 P 0.012* 0.003* 0.0015* 0.035* 0.01* 0.005* 0.0076* 0.03* 0.008* 父亲受教
育水平小学 136.57 ± 17.68 11.51 ± 2.84 14.46 ± 2.91 13.52 ± 3.10 14.50 ± 2.32 24.17 ± 3.81 22.24 ± 4.24 17.94 ± 3.44 18.88 ± 3.87 中学 139.73 ± 16.37 11.66 ± 2.95 14.79 ± 2.82 13.92 ± 3.13 14.39 ± 2.31 24.95 ± 3.51 22.82 ± 3.90 18.35 ± 3.22 19.34 ± 3.62 P 0.032* 0.0045* 0.0001* 0.0062* 0.021 0.015* 0.003* 0.0021* 0.041* 母亲受教
育水平小学 137.88 ± 17.13 11.59 ± 2.81 14.80 ± 2.86 13.53 ± 3.18 14.63 ± 2.18 24.38 ± 3.66 22.43 ± 4.15 17.99 ± 3.35 18.95 ± 3.79 中学 139.98 ± 16.44 11.83 ± 2.95 14.80 ± 2.87 13.92 ± 3.23 14.35 ± 2.36 24.79 ± 3.52 22.87 ± 3.91 18.39 ± 3.26 19.34 ± 3.63 P 0.029* 0.0038* 0.09 0.0058* 0.025 0.017* 0.005* 0.0026* 0.043* 入学前户籍
所在地学校农村 138.99 ± 16.35 11.64 ± 2.824 14.78 ± 2.80 13.66 ± 3.09 14.62 ± 2.30 24.74 ± 3.53 22.58 ± 3.91 18.27 ± 3.24 19.36 ± 3.60 城镇 141.80 ± 17.81 12.04 ± 3.15 14.78 ± 3.03 14.43 ± 3.22 13.99 ± 2.40 25.23 ± 3.73 23.40 ± 4.12 18.98 ± 3.35 19.64 ± 3.84 城市 139.15 ± 17.12 11.751 ± 3.06 14.69 ± 2.87 1396 ± 3.16 14.28 ± 2.33 24.89 ± 3.64 22.71 ± 4.02 18.34 ± 3.33 19.20 ± 3.76 P 0.003* 0.0045* 0.12 0.023* 0.021* 0.0034* 0.041* 0.0025* 0.0085* 家庭月收入（元） 0～ 139.20 ± 17.03 11.56 ± 2.95 14.79 ± 2.89 13.48 ± 3.20 14.61 ± 2.33 24.77 ± 3.64 22.62 ± 4.06 18.23 ± 3.35 19.43 ± 3.72 2000～ 139.98 ± 17.02 11.71 ± 3.07 14.74 ± 2.90 13.93 ± 3.10 14.33 ± 2.28 24.98 ± 3.52 22.80 ± 3.95 18.53 ± 3.28 19.38 ± 3.67 5000～ 141.08 ± 16.80 11.90 ± 2.93 14.68 ± 2.86 14.57 ± 3.17 13.92 ± 2.48 25.02 ± 3.75 23.04 ± 4.00 18.90 ± 3.25 19.54 ± 3.75 10000～ 142.59 ± 17.47 12.41 ± 3.05 14.62 ± 2.81 14.95 ± 2.94 1335 ± 2.84 25.28 ± 3.61 23.32 ± 4.12 19.14 ± 3.46 19.95 ± 3.99 P 0.0025* 0.032* 1.081 0.0062* 0.0044* 0.894 0.0028* 0.013* 0.959
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表 4 大学生健康生活方式的社会人口变量的标准化回归系数（n = 2 278）
Table 4. Standardized regression coefficients of demographic variableson healthy lifestyles for university students（n = 2 278）
社会人口学特征 总HLSUS 运动行为 规则行为 营养行为 健康危险行为 健康责任 社会支持 压力管理 生命欣赏 性别 0.152 0.223 −0.107 −0.186 −0.146 −0.135 0.052 0.152 0.222 年级 大三以上 −0.106 −0.088 −0.077 −0.203 −0.058 −0.176 −0.096 大一 大二 −0.054 −0.123 家庭月收入（元） 10000～ 0～ 0.106 0.078 −0.108 2 000～ −0.181 5000～ −0.013 父亲受教育水平 小学 0.127 0.143 0.057 0.063 0.132 中学 0.189 0.156 0.069 0.089 0.201 大学 母亲受教育水平 小学 −0.034 0.076 0.065 中学 −0.107 0.145 0.124 大学 R2 0.3302 0.4193 0.2204 0.2457 0.2036 0.0982 0.2113 0.2281 0.1640 变量：性别（女 = 1，男 = 0）；年级（大一 = 1，其它 = 0；大二 = 1人，其它= 0）；父亲受教育程度（小学 = 1，其它 = 0；中学 = 1，其它 = 0）；母亲受教育程度（小学 = 1，其它0 = 1；中学 =1，其它 = 0）；家庭月收入（元）（0～ = 1，其它 = 0；2 000～ = 1，其它 = 0人；5000～ = 1，其它 = 0）。
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