Influencing Factors Contributing to Insomnia Among Patients with Chronic Pain
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摘要:
目的 了解疼痛科慢性疼痛初诊且尚未治疗者失眠现状,分析发生失眠的相关影响因素。 方法 2019年1月至6月对玉溪市人民医院疼痛科住院患者开展问卷调查,收集并统计分析431例患者基本信息,用日本尼普洛知觉痛觉定量分析装置NIPRO Painvision(PS-2100)及视觉模拟评分法(VAS)了解疼痛程度,用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表分别了解焦虑、抑郁的发生率,用阿森斯失眠量表评估睡眠质量。 结果 431例慢性疼痛病人中226例最近1周失眠,失眠率52.44%(95%CI:47.72%~57.15%)。多因素logistic回归分析女性失眠风险是男性的1.832倍;≥ 60岁的病人失眠风险是18~30岁的6.821倍;轻度、中度和重度抑郁病人分别是无抑郁病人的4.181、19.381和21.688倍;重度疼痛患者失眠风险是轻度疼痛病人的13.954倍;疼痛部位 > 1个的患者失眠风险是仅有1个疼痛部位病人的3.762倍;慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛、慢性内脏/头/面部神经疼痛、慢性神经病理性疼痛和癌性相关疼痛病人的失眠风险分别是慢性创伤和术后疼痛的2.150、2.670、25.067和38.052倍;相较于疼痛病程 < 1 a的患者,疼痛病程为1 a~和3 a~的患者失眠风险分别降低67.00%和69.70%。 结论 慢性疼痛患者常常伴发焦虑、抑郁,导致失眠,对易于出现失眠的人群,需特别加以关注和心理疏导,及时缓解、控制疼痛以减少失眠发生。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the status of insomnia and the related influencing factors among patients with chronic pain in department of pain. Methods A total of 431 patients were recruited from department of pain and a questionnaire survey was performed between January and June 2019, the general information were collected, the assessment of anxiety, depression, insomnia and the measurement of pain level and were conducted by self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), self-rating depression scale(SDS), athens insomnia scale(AIS)and visual analogue scale(VAS)and NIPRO painvision respectively, the rates of insomnia were statistically analyzed. Results Among 431 patients, there were 226 patients experienced insomnia(52.44%, 95%CI: 47.72%~57.15%). Data from the multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that males were 1.832 times more likely to suffer from insomnia than females, those more than 60 years' age were 1.832 times more likely to suffer from insomnia than those 18-30 years' age, patients with mild, moderate and severe depression were 4.181, 19.381 and 21.688 times more likely to suffer from insomnia than those than those without depression respectively, patients with severe pain had a 13.954 times higher risk of insomnia than those with mild pain, patients with more than one site of pain had a 3.762 times higher risk of insomnia than patients with only 1 site of pain, patients with type 2/3/4/5 pain were 2.150, 2.670, 25.067 and 38.052 times more likely to suffer from insomnia than patients with type 1 pain, while patients with pain duration of 1 year and 3 years while no likely suffer insomnia. Conclusion The chronic pain patients are always concomitant with depressive and anxiety symptoms and suffer from insomnia, meanwhile, it is urgently needed to pay close attention and mentality guidance to patients easily suffer from insomnia, relief and control pain timely to avoid insomnia. -
Key words:
- Chronic pain /
- Insomnia /
- Anxiety /
- Depression /
- Influencing factors
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表 1 431例慢性疼痛患者的基本情况及失眠的单因素分析
Table 1. The basic characteristics and univariate analysis contributing to insomnia among 431 patients with chronic pain
因素 n 失眠人数 单因素 P n 率(%) OR(95% CI) 性别 男 279 130 46.59 1.000 女 152 96 63.16 1.965(1.311~2.946) 0.001 年龄(岁) 18~ 71 27 38.03 1.000 30~ 85 28 32.94 0.801(0.414~1.547) 0.508 40~ 44 13 29.55 0.683(0.305~1.529) 0.354 50~ 142 84 59.15 2.360(1.316~4.324) 0.004 ≥60 89 74 83.15 8.040(3.862~16.736) < 0.001 民族 其他民族 90 36 40.00 1.000 汉族 341 190 55.72 1.887(1.176~3.028) 0.008 文化程度 小学及以下 195 88 45.13 1.000 初中及以上 236 138 58.47 1.712(1.168~2.511) 0.006 婚姻状况 未婚 103 41 39.81 1.000 已婚 220 109 49.55 1.485(0.924~2.388) 0.103 离异或丧偶 108 76 70.37 3.591(2.029~6.358) < 0.001 职业 农民 202 121 59.90 1.000 非农 229 105 45.85 0.567(0.386~0.831) 0.004 焦虑程度 无 51 12 23.53 1.000 轻度 267 124 46.44 2.818(1.413~5.620) 0.003 中度 86 69 80.23 13.191(5.713~30.458) < 0.001 重度 27 21 77.78 11.375(3.732~34.667) < 0.001 抑郁程度 无 51 12 23.53 1.000 轻度 283 129 45.58 2.722(1.368~5.417) 0.004 中度 86 76 88.37 24.700(9.807~62.212) < 0.001 重度 11 9 81.82 14.625(2.772~77.163) 0.002 疼痛程度 轻度 11 2 18.18 1.000 中度 251 99 39.44 2.931(0.620~13.850) 0.175 重度 169 125 73.96 12.784(2.659~61.462) 0.001 疼痛部位数(个) 1 189 58 30.69 1.000 > 1 242 168 69.42 5.128(3.394~7.749) < 0.001 疼痛类型 慢性创伤和术后疼痛 95 27 28.42 1.000 慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛 133 50 37.59 1.517(0.860~2.676) 0.150 慢性内脏/头/面部神经疼痛 104 60 57.69 3.434(1.901~6.206) < 0.001 慢性神经病理性疼痛 70 63 90.00 22.667(9.223~55.705) < 0.001 癌性相关疼痛 29 26 89.66 21.827(6.096~78.155) < 0.001 疼痛病程(a) < 1 38 17 44.74 1.000 1~ 298 148 49.66 1.219(0.618~2.402) 0.568 3~ 34 19 55.88 1.565(0.617~3.971) 0.346 ≥5 61 42 68.85 2.731(1.181~6.314) 0.019 表 2 慢性疼痛病人失眠的多因素分析
Table 2. The multivariate analysis contributing to insomnia among patients with chronic pain
因素 β SE Wald χ2 OR(95% CI) P 性别 男 1.000 女 0.605 0.289 4.398 1.832(1.04~3.225) 0.036 年龄(岁) 18~ 1.000 30~ −0.120 0.433 0.076 0.887(0.379~2.075) 0.782 40~ −0.125 0.496 0.063 0.883(0.334~2.336) 0.802 50~ 0.359 0.410 0.764 1.432(0.640~3.201) 0.382 ≥60 1.920 0.539 12.676 6.821(2.37~19.627) < 0.001 抑郁程度 无 1.000 轻度 1.431 0.533 7.206 4.181(1.471~11.882) 0.007 中度 2.964 0.664 19.955 19.381(5.279~71.155) < 0.001 重度 3.077 1.047 8.634 21.688(2.786~168.85) 0.003 疼痛程度 轻度 1.000 中度 2.401 1.279 3.525 11.034(0.900~135.303) 0.060 重度 2.636 1.273 4.289 13.954(1.152~169.067) 0.038 疼痛部位数(个) 1 1.000 > 1 1.325 0.310 18.275 3.762(2.049~6.907) < 0.001 疼痛类型 慢性创伤和术后疼痛 1.000 慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛 0.766 0.369 4.301 2.150(1.043~4.433) 0.038 慢性内脏/头/面部神经疼痛 0.982 0.383 6.575 2.670(1.260~5.658) 0.010 慢性神经病理性疼痛 3.222 0.616 27.345 25.067(7.494~83.848) < 0.001 癌性相关疼痛 3.639 0.821 19.650 38.052(7.614~190.17) < 0.001 疼痛病程(a) < 1 1.000 1~ −1.110 0.455 5.949 0.330(0.135~0.804) 0.015 3~ −1.194 0.677 3.110 0.303(0.080~1.142) 0.078 ≥5 0.126 0.575 0.048 1.135(0.368~3.499) 0.826 -
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