The Incidence and Influencing Factors of Complications in Patients with Ultrasound-guided PICC Catheterization
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摘要:
目的 观察超声引导下PICC置管患者并发症的发生情况,探讨其影响因素。 方法 回顾性选择536例行超声引导下PICC置管患者临床资料,根据病例记录是否发生置管相关并发症将患者分为并发症组(52例)和对照组(484例)。收集患者基线资料、置管方式、穿刺静脉选择、留置时间等信息,采用多元Logistic回归分析影响超声引导下PICC置管相关并发症的危险因素。 结果 本组并发症发生率9.70%(52/536),导管相关感染发生率最高(4.66%),肿瘤内科是并发症发生率最高科室(3.36%)。单因素分析年龄、身体质量指数指数、文化程度、合并糖尿病、穿刺静脉选择、置管分布、置管方式、静脉血栓史、PICC操作护士年资、院外导管护理方式均与超声引导下PICC置管并发症发生的有关(P < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果示合并糖尿病、穿刺静脉选择、置管方式、PICC操作护士年资、院外导管护理方式是超声引导下PICC置管并发症发生的危险因素(P < 0.05)。 结论 合并糖尿病、头静脉置管、巴德塞丁格穿刺、护士操作经验缺乏、院外管理欠缺可能是导致PICC置管并发症的高危因素。 Abstract:Objective To observe the incidence of complications in patients with ultrasound-guided PICC catheterization and explore the influencing factors. Methods The clinical data of 536 patients with ultrasound-guided PICC catheterization were retrospectively selected. Patients were divided into complication group(52 cases)and control group(484 cases) according to whether catheterization related complications occurred. Patients' baseline data, catheterization method, puncture vein selection, indwelling time and other information were collected, and multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of ultrasound-guided PICC catheterization related complications. Results The incidence of complications in this group was 9.70%(52/536), the incidence of catheter-related infection was the highest(4.66%), and the incidence of complications in oncology department was the highest(3.36%). Univariate analysis of age, BMI, education level, diabetes mellitus, puncture vein selection, catheterization distribution, catheterization method, venous thrombosis history, length of experience of PICC operation nurse, and out-hospital catheterization nursing method were all correlated with the occurrence of ultrasound-guided PICC catheterization complications(P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that complications of PICC catheterization were associated with diabetes mellitus, puncture vein selection, catheterization method, PICC operation nurse experience, and out-hospital catheter nursing mode(P < 0.05). Conclusion Combined diabetes mellitus, cephalic vein catheterization, badseddinger puncture, lack of experience in nurse operation and lack of hospital management may be the risk factors for complications of PICC catheterization. -
Key words:
- Ultrasonic guidance /
- PICC /
- Complications /
- Malignant tumor /
- Modified Seldinger Technique
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表 1 PICC置管并发症发生构成
Table 1. Complications of PICC catheterization
并发症 n 发生率(%) 构成比(%) 导管相关感染 25 4.66 48.08 导管堵塞 11 2.05 21.15 机械性静脉炎 10 1.87 19.23 上肢深静脉血栓形成 4 0.75 7.69 导管意外脱出 2 0.37 3.85 表 2 并发症科室分布构成
Table 2. Distribution of complication departments
科室分布 n 发生率(%) 构成比(%) 肿瘤内科 18 3.36 34.62 血液内科 14 2.61 26.92 肿瘤外科 8 1.49 15.38 重症监护室 7 1.31 13.46 骨科 3 0.56 5.77 呼吸内科 2 0.37 3.85 表 3 各具体并发症科室分布构成[ n(%)]
Table 3. Departments distribution of secific complications of PICC intubation [ n(%)]
科室分布 PICC置管导管相关感染 机械性静脉炎 导管堵塞 上肢深静脉血栓 导管意外脱出 肿瘤内科 9(36) 5(50) 3(27) 1(25) 0(0) 肿瘤外科 7(25) 1(10) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 血液内科 4(16) 1(10) 6(55) 3(75) 0(0) 重症监护室 3(12) 3(30) 0(0) 0(0) 1(50) 呼吸内科 2(8) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 骨科 0(0) 0(0) 2(18) 0(0) 1(50) 表 4 响超声引导下PICC置管并发症发生的单因素分析结果[ n(%)]
Table 4. Results of univariate analysis influencing the occurrence of complications of PICC catheter placement under ultrasound guidance [ n(%)]
组别 并发症组(n = 52例) 对照组(n = 484例) χ2值 P值 年龄(岁) ≥65 39(75.00) 255(52.69) 9.441 0.002 < 65 13(25.00) 229(47.31) 性别 男 30(57.69) 241(49.79) 1.172 0.279 女 22(42.31) 243(50.21) BMI ≥25 kg/m2 29(55.77) 196(40.50) 4.497 0.034 < 25 kg/m2 23(44.23) 288(59.50) 文化程度 本科及以上 11(21.15) 195(40.29) 7.630 0.022 高中或中专 20(38.46) 154(31.82) 初中及以下 21(40.38) 135(27.89) 基础疾病 高血压 26(50.00) 219(45.25) 0.427 0.513 糖尿病 31(59.62) 172(35.54) 11.570 0.001 高脂血症 21(40.38) 228(47.11) 0.853 0.356 穿刺静脉选择 贵要静脉 15(28.85) 195(40.29) 37.084 0.000 头静脉 23(44.23) 103(21.28) 肘正中 14(26.92) 186(38.43) 置管分布 左上肢 29(55.77) 237(48.97) 0.869 0.351 右上肢 23(44.23) 247(51.03) 置管方式 改良塞丁格 20(38.46) 315(65.08) 14.198 0.000 巴德赛丁格 32(61.54) 169(34.92) PICC置管史 有 16(30.7) 174(35.95) 0.551 0.458 无 36(69.23) 310(64.05) 静脉血栓史 有 26(50.00) 165(34.09) 5.182 0.023 无 26(50.00) 319(65.91) PICC操作护士年资 ≥5 a 19(36.54) 289(59.71) 10.315 0.001 < 5 a 33(63.46) 195(40.29) 院外导管护理 居家护理 31(59.62) 179(36.98) 10.093 0.001 门诊护理 21(40.38) 305(63.02) 导管留置时间 < 60 d 19(36.54) 201(41.53) 0.710 0.701 60~100 d 20(40.38) 183(37.81) > 100 d 13(38.46) 100(20.66) 住院时间 ≥15 d 23(44.23) 199(41.12) 0.188 0.665 < 15 d 29(55.77) 285(58.88) BMI:身体质量指数。 表 5 影响超声引导下PICC置管并发症发生的Logistic回归分析结果
Table 5. Logistic regression analysis results affecting the occurrence of complications of PICC catheter placement under ultrasound guidance
因素 β SE Wald χ2 OR(95%CI) P值 合并糖尿病 0.593 0.167 12.524 1.809(1.035~12.354) 0.005 穿刺静脉选择 0.671 0.153 19.234 1.956(1.152~15.267) 0.000 置管方式 0.956 0.143 44.693 2.601(1.459~21.352) 0.000 PICC操作护士年资 0.503 0.135 13.883 1.654(1.003~8.524) 0.003 院外导管护理方式 0.692 0.162 18.247 1.998(1.167~16.382) 0.000 -
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