Efficacy of Oral Immunotherapy with Colostrum on Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Infants
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摘要:
目的 探讨母亲初乳做口腔免疫护理对早产极低出生体重儿的影响。 方法 选取2018年6月至2020年6月在昆明市妇幼保健院出生的100例早产极低出生体重儿,随机将其分为2组。实验组50例,用母亲初乳进行口腔免疫护理;对照组50例,用灭菌注射用水做日常口腔护理。采用前瞻性对照研究,评价2组患儿住院时间、日均住院费用、达全肠道喂养时间、抗生素使用时间、体重变化、坏死性小肠结肠炎(necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC)发生率、护理满意度的情况。 结果 实验组和对照组平均住院日、日均费用、达全肠道喂养时间、抗生素使用时间、体重变化、NEC发生率,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);实验组护理满意度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义( P < 0.05)。 结论 母亲初乳做口腔免疫护理可以缩短住院时间、减少日均住院费用、缩短抗生素使用时间、推进喂养进程、促进患儿生长发育,减少NEC的发生,提高家长护理满意度,值得在临床中推广应用。 Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of oral immunotherapy of mother’ s colostrum on very low birth weight premature infants. Methods A total of 100 very low birth weight premature infants born in our hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (50 cases) received oral immunotherapy with colostrum, while the control group (50 cases) was treated with sterilized water for injection for daily oral care. A prospective controlled study was conducted to evaluate the length of hospital stay, hospitalization cost, enteral feeding time, length of antibiotic therapy, weight gain, incidence of NEC (Necrotizing enterocolitis) and nursing satisfaction of the two groups. Results There were statistically significant differences in the average length of hospital stay, hospitalization cost, enteral feeding time, length of antibiotic therapy, weight gain, incidence of NEC between the two groups (P < 0.05). The nursing satisfaction degree of the experimental group was significantly higher than control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Oral immunotherapy of maternal colostrum can shorten hospital stay, reduce average daily hospitalization costs, shorten the length of antibiotic therapy, promote the growth and development of infants, reduce the incidence of NEC and improve parental care satisfaction, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application. -
Key words:
- Colostrum /
- Premature infant /
- Very low birth weight infants /
- Oral immunity
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表 1 2组患儿基本情况比较( $\bar x \pm s $)
Table 1. The basic information of the two groups ( $\bar x \pm s $)
指标 对照组 实验组 χ2/t P 胎龄(周) 31.12 ± 2.31 31.62 ± 1.68 −1.239 0.218 性别[n(%)] 0.161 0.688 男 24(48.00) 22(44.00) 女 26(52.00) 28(56.00) 双胎[n(%)] 1.329 0.249 是 9(18.00) 5(10.00) 否 41(82.00) 45(90.00) 出生体重(g) 1309.96 ± 172.09 1355.42 ± 164.42 −1.351 0.180 APgar评分(1 min) 7.90 ± 1.75 7.98 ± 1.72 −0.230 0.818 APgar评分(5 min) 8.88 ± 0.90 8.96 ± 0.83 −0.463 0.645 APgar评分(10 min) 8.88 ± 1.17 9.10 ± 0.61 −1.176 0.243 胎膜早破[n(%)] 0.184 0.668 是 17(34.00) 15(30.00) 否 33(66.00) 35(70.00) 宫内感染性肺炎[n(%)] 0.437 0.509 是 34(68.00) 37(74.00) 否 16(32.00) 13(26.00) 表 2 2组患儿临床相关指标的比较
Table 2. Comparison of clinical indicators between two groups
指标 对照组 实验组 χ2/t/Z P 住院时间(d) 45.50(39.25-61.25) 36.50(30.00-46.00)※ 3.646 < 0.001 日均住院费用(元) 1787.09(1118.26,2082.32) 1305.78(1056.94-1857.55)※ 4.104 < 0.001 体重增长(g) 15.52 ± 2.80 18.96 ± 3.59※ −4.645 < 0.001 抗生素使用时间(d) 26.00(14.50-34.00) 12.00(8.00-27.80)※ −5.015 < 0.001 达全肠道喂养时间(d) 26.20 ± 1.77 19.84 ± 1.58※ 2.687 0.009 NEC发生[n(%)] 4.000 0.046 是 8(16.00) 2(4.00)※ 否 42(84.00) 48(96.00) 与对照组比较,※P < 0.05。 表 3 2组患儿家属护理满意度的比较[n(%)]
Table 3. Comparison of nursing satisfaction degree of two groups [n(%)]
组别 很满意 满意 不满意 满意度 对照组(n= 50) 20(40.00) 18(36.00) 12(24.00) 38(76.00) 实验组(n = 50) 31(62.00) 15(30.00) 4(8.00) 23(92.00)※ χ2 − − − 6.645 P − − − 0.036 与对照组比较,※P < 0.05 -
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