Investigations on the Poor Vision and Ametropia among Primary School Students in Xundian County of Yunnan Province in 2019
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摘要:
目的 分析2019年云南省寻甸县小学生的视力不良及屈光不正情况。 方法 在2018年11月至2019年11月间,采用分层随机抽样方法在寻甸县小学抽取6所小学1~5年级学生,共30个班级3764例,分析视力不良率及屈光不正构成,并使用秩和检验比较总体及各屈光不正中性别、年级等方面的差异。 结果 检出视力不良儿童1392名,视力不良率36.98%。女生近视总人数比例(15.25%)高于男生(12.65%),差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。近视人数在该年级总人数中的比例从14.23%(1年级)逐渐升高至44.61%(5年级),差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.01),其中女生近视比例在3、5年级(17.19%、24.66%)均高于同年级男生(10.73%、19.95%),差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。远视人数比例在3年级迅速下降至10.41%,与1、2年级(22.49%、22.02%)相比差异具有统计学意义(P均 < 0.01)。散光人数比例在5年级最高(17.43%),与1、2、4年级(11.18%、11.93%、11.86%)相比差异具有统计学意义(P均 < 0.01)。 结论 寻甸县6所小学1~5年级学龄儿童中,近视是构成视力不良的主要因素,也是影响其变化的主要原因。在各种屈光不正类型中,女生较男生问题相对较多且突出。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the poor vision and ametropia of primary school students in Xundian County, Yunnan Province in 2019. Methods From November 2018 to November 2019, a total of 3, 764 students in 30 classes from grade one to grade five in six primary schools were selected in Xingdian county by using a stratified random sampling method.The rate of poor vision and the composition of ametropia were analyzed, and the differences of the total and each ametropia in gender and grade were compared by rank sum test. Results 1392 children with poor vision were detected, with an average rate of 36.98%. The proportion of myopia in girls (15.25%) was higher than that in boys (12.65%), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The proportion of myopia in the total number of students gradually increased from 14.23% (grade 1) to 44.61% (Grade 5), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The proportion of myopia in girls in grade 3 and 5 (17.19%, 24.66%) was higher than that in boys in the same grade (10.73%, 19.95%), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The proportion of hyperopia decreased rapidly in grade 3 (10.41%), and the difference was statistically significant compared with grade 1 and grade 2 (P < 0.01). The proportion of astigmatism was the highest in grade 5 (17.43%), and the difference was statistically significant compared with grade 1, 2 and 4 (P < 0.01). Conclusion In the six primary schools in Xundian County, myopia is the main factor of poor eyesight and the main reason for its change.Among various types of refractive errors and female students have more problems than male students. -
Key words:
- Poor vision /
- Ametropia /
- Primary school students /
- Investigation
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表 1 2019年寻甸县小学1~5年级学龄儿童视力不良情况[n(%)]
Table 1. Poor vision of primary school children in grade 1 to 5 of Xundian County in 2019 [n(%)]
分组 轻度不良
例数(%)中度视力
不良例数(%)重度视力
不良例数(%)合计
例数(%)1年级 134(3.56) 63(1.67) 7(0.19) 204(5.42) 2年级 132(3.51) 62(1.65) 18(0.48) 212(5.63) 3年级 136(3.61) 68(1.81) 30(0.80) 234(6.22) 4年级 132(3.51) 104(2.76) 75(1.99) 311(8.26) 5年级 203(5.39) 139(3.69) 89(2.36) 431(11.45) 表 2 2019年寻甸县小学男女视力不良情况[n(%)]
Table 2. Poor vision of male and female in primary schools of Xundian County in 2019 [n(%)]
分组 轻度不良
例数(%)中度视力
不良例数(%)重度视力
不良例数(%)合计
例数(%)男生 368(9.78) 200(5.31) 87(2.31) 655(17.40) 女生 369(9.80) 236(6.27)* 132(3.51)** 737(19.58)** 与男生相比,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。 表 3 不同程度近视群体中男、女生的人数占总筛查人数比例,及该比例在男女生之间的差异[n(%)]
Table 3. The proportion of male and female in the total screening population in different degrees of myopia group,and the difference of the proportion between male and female [n(%)]
近视程度 低度 中度 高度 合计 男 380(10.10%) 84(2.23%) 12(0.32%) 476(12.65%) 女 472(12.54%)** 90(2.39%) 12(0.32%) 574(15.25%)** 与男生相比,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。 表 4 不同程度远视群体中男、女生的人数占总筛查人数比例,及该比例在男女生之间的差异[n(%)]
Table 4. The proportion of male and female in the total screening population in different degrees of hyperopia group,and the difference of the proportion between male and female [n(%)]
远视程度 低度 中度 高度 合计 男 271(7.20%) 13(0.35%) 3(0.08%) 287(7.62%) 女 238(6.32%) 15(0.40%) 11(0.29%)* 264(7.01%) 与男生相比,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。 表 5 不同程度散光群体中男、女生的人数占总筛查人数比例,及该比例在男女生之间的差异[n(%)]
Table 5. The proportion of male and female in the total screening population in different degrees of astigmatism group,and the difference of the proportion between male and female [n(%)]
散光程度 低度 中度 高度 合计 男 189(5.02%) 30(0.80%) 21(0.56%) 240(6.38%) 女 183(4.86%) 49(1.30%)* 39(1.04%)* 271(7.20%)* 与男生相比,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。 表 6 屈光不正患儿在各年级中的所占人数比例,以及不同年级间的比例差异[n(%)]
Table 6. The proportion of children with ametropia in each grade,and the proportion difference between different grades [n(%)]
年级 1年级 2年级 3年级 4年级 5年级 近视 112(14.23%) 118(16.76%) 177(27.92%) 254(33.12%) 389(44.61%) 远视 177(22.49%)** 155(22.02%)** 66(10.41%) 79(10.30%) 74(8.49%) 散光 88(11.18%)## 84(11.93%)## 96(15.14%) 91(11.86%)## 152(17.43%) 与三年级相比,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01;与五年级相比,#P < 0.05,##P < 0.01。 表 7 各年级男女近视率的比较[n(%)]
Table 7. Comparison of myopia rate between male and female students in different grades [n(%)]
年级 1年级 2年级 3年级 4年级 5年级 男 55(6.99%) 57(8.10%) 68(10.73%) 122(15.91%) 174(19.95%) 女 57(7.24%) 61(8.66%) 109(17.19%)** 132(17.21%) 215(24.66%)** 与男生相比,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。 表 8 各年级男女远视率的比较[n(%)]
Table 8. Comparison of hyperopia rate between male and female students in different grades [n(%)]
年级 1年级 2年级 3年级 4年级 5年级 男 94(11.94%) 72(10.23%) 29(4.57%) 45(5.87%) 47(5.39%) 女 83(10.55%) 83(11.79%) 37(5.84%) 34(4.43%) 27(3.10%) 与男生相比,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。 表 9 各年级男女散光率的比较[n(%)]
Table 9. Comparison of astigmatism rate between male and female students in different grades [n(%)]
年级 1年级 2年级 3年级 4年级 5年级 男 40(5.08%) 37(5.25%) 42(6.62%) 44(5.74%) 77(8.83%) 女 48(6.10%) 47(6.68%) 54(8.52%) 47(6.12%) 75(8.60%) 与男生相比,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。 -
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