Application of 16SrRNA Gene Detection in the Early Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis in Children
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摘要:
目的 探讨脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid,CSF)中16SrRNA基因检测在儿童细菌性脑膜炎(BM)早期诊断中的应用价值。 方法 收集40例2019年1月至2020年6月间,在昆明市儿童医院确诊为BM患者的CSF标本进行16SrRNA基因PCR检测,16SrRNA基因PCR检测阳性标本进行基因测序,测序结果通过NCBI BLAST进行序列比对和同源性分析,同时进行CSF细菌培养,将CSF 16SrRNA基因PCR检测结果与CSF培养结果进行比较。 结果 40例患儿CSF中16例16SrRNA基因PCR检测阳性,阳性率40%;7例细菌培养阳性,阳性率17.5%,PCR检测法阳性率高于细菌培养法(χ2 = 4.93,P < 0.05),以CSF培养为“金标准”,PCR检测法的灵敏度为71.4%(5/7),特异度为66.7%(22/33);16SrRNA基因测序结果与CSF培养结果一致,且检测出CSF培养未检出的5种细菌;CSF培养时间为(61.21±12.62)h,PCR检测法所需时间为(7.09±0.45)h,两者之间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 CSF中16SrRNA基因PCR检测法能提高BM患者CSF中病原菌的检出率,且能降低漏检率,具有特异、快速特点能及时为临床BM早期诊断提供可靠的病原学依据。 Abstract:Objective To explore the value of 16SrRNA gene detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the early diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (BM) in children. Methods CSF specimens were collected from 40 patients with BM who were diagnosed of BM in Kunming Children’ s Hospital between January 2019 and June 2020. PCR was used to detect the 16SrRNA gene in the specimens. Then the 16SrRNA gene was sequenced for the positive samples by PCR, and the sequencing results sequence alignment and homology were analyzed by NCBI BLAST. At the same time, all the specimens were cultured simultaneously. Results Of the 40 children’ s CSF samples, 16 were positive for 16SrRNA gene PCR, with a positive rate of 40%; 7 cases were positive for bacterial culture, with a positive rate of 17.5%. The positive rate of PCR method was higher than that of the bacterial culture method (χ2 = 4.93, P < 0.05), with CSF as the “gold standard”, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR assay were 71.4% (5/7) and 66.7% (22/33); the results of 16SrRNA gene sequencing were consistent with the results of CSF culture, and five bacterias which were not detected by CSF culture; the time of CSF culture was (61.21±12.62) h, however, the PCR detection time required (7.09±0.45) h, and the difference of detection time between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The PCR detection method of 16SrRNA gene in CSF can improve the detection rate of CSF pathogenic bacteria in BM patients, and it can reduce the missed detection rate. It has the specific and rapid characteristics and can provide the reliable pathogenic basis for early diagnosis of clinical BM in time. -
表 1 40例细菌性脑膜炎患儿一般情况分析[n(%)]
Table 1. Analysis of general situations of 40 children with bacterial meningitis [n(%)]
项目 基本信息 总计 年龄 新生儿(< 28 d) 14(35.0) 28 d~1岁 16(40.0) 1~3岁 6(15.0) 大于3岁 4(10.0) 性别 男 17(42.5) 女 23(57.5) 临床表现 发热 30(75.0) 抽搐 6(15.0) 头痛 11(27.5) 呕吐 8(20.0) 腹泻 5(12.5) 病理征 4(10.0) 脑膜刺激征 7(17.5) 膝反射 4(10.0) 脑脊液改变 白细胞数(106/L) < 50 4(10.0) 50~500 13(32.5) 501~1000 5(12.5) > 1000 15(37.5) 腰穿前是否使用过抗生素 是 28(70) 否 12(30) 基础疾病 外伤 2(5.0) 手术后脑积水 5(12.5) 临床转归 康复或痊愈 29(72.5) 后遗症 5(12.5) 死亡/放弃治疗 1(2.5) 表 2 40例细菌性脑膜炎患儿血培养、CSF培养、CSF细菌涂片及CSF16SrRNA基因检测阳性率比较[n(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of blood culture,CSF culture,CSF bacterial smear and CSF 16SrRNA gene detection positive rate of 40 children with bacterial meningitis [n(%)]
方法 阳性率 χ2 P 血培养 6(15.0)* 脑脊液培养 7(17.5)* 脑脊液细菌涂片 4(10.0)* 12.94 0.005 脑脊液16SrRNA 基因PCR法 16(40.0) 与1616SrRNA基因检测法比较,*P < 0.05。 表 3 16SrRNA基因PCR检测结果与细菌培养结果比较(n)
Table 3. Comparison between 16SrRNA gene PCR and bacterial culture results (n)
16SrRNA基因PCR法 脑脊液细菌培养法 合计 χ2 P 阳性 阴性 阳性 5 11 16 阴性 2 22 24 4.93 0.026 合计 7 33 40 表 4 各年龄段两种不同方法检测病原菌分布情况(n)
Table 4. Two different methods to detect the distribution of pathogens in each age group (n)
病原菌 病原菌检测方法 < 28 d 28 d~1岁 1~3岁 ≥3岁 总计 脑脊液培养 16SrRNA基因PCR法 大肠埃希氏菌 4 6 3 3 0 0 6 肺炎克雷伯 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 肺炎链球菌 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 无乳链球菌 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 金黄色葡萄球菌 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 溶血性葡萄球菌 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 流感嗜血杆菌 0 2 1 0 1 0 2 表皮葡萄球菌 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 鞘氨醇单胞菌 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 总计 7 16 5 4 6 1 16 -
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