Effect of Cluster Nursing on Oral Mucositis and Mouth Opening Limitation in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Undergoing Radiotherapy
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摘要:
目的 探讨集束化护理方案在鼻咽癌放疗患者口腔黏膜炎和张口受限的应用效果。 方法 将昆明市某三级甲等肿瘤专科医院放射治疗科2019年6月至2020年7月收治的119例鼻咽癌患者按住院时间分为干预组59例和对照组60例。对照组采用常规护理,干预组采用集束化护理方案。对比2组患者口腔黏膜炎和张口受限程度及发生率。 结果 干预组患者口腔黏膜炎发生率在放疗16、24、32次及放疗后1个月均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),张口受限发生率在放疗24、32次及放疗后1个月均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义( P < 0.05)。 结论 该集束化护理措施能有效减轻鼻咽癌放疗患者口腔黏膜炎和张口受限的发生,促进患者康复,提高护理干预效果。 Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of clustered nursing program on oral mucositis and restricted mouth opening in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy. Methods In this study, 119 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma admitted to the radiotherapy department of a tertiary A tumor hospital in Kunming from June 2019 to July 2020 were divided into the intervention group of 59 cases and the control group of 60 cases according to the length of stay. The control group adopted conventional nursing intervention, and the intervention group adopted a clustered nursing plan. The degree and incidence of oral mucositis and mouth opening restriction were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of oral mucositis in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group at 16, 24, and 32 times of radiotherapy and 1 month after the radiotherapy. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of the limited mouth opening was lower than that of the control group at 24, 32 times and 1 month after the radiotherapy and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The clustered nursing measures can effectively reduce the occurrence of oral mucositis and restricted mouth opening in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy, promote the recovery of patients, and improve the effect of nursing intervention. -
Key words:
- Cluster nursing /
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma /
- Oral mucositis /
- Limited mouth opening
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表 1 两组患者一般资料比较[
$\bar x \pm s$ /n(%)]Table 1. Comparison of general information between two groups of patients [
$\bar x \pm s$ /n(%)]项目 干预组(n = 59) 对照组(n = 60) t/χ2/Z P 年龄(岁) 48.56±10.94 51.12±9.55 −1.359 0.177 性别 男 48(81.4) 45(75.0) 0.704 0.402 女 11(18.6) 15(25.0) 婚姻状况 在婚 56(94.9) 59(98.3) 0.276 0.599 其他 3(5.1) 1(1.7) 文化程度 小学及以下 26(44.1) 21(35.0) −1.762 0.078 初中 20(33.9) 15(25.0) 高中或中专 7(11.9) 11(18.3) 大学及以上 6(10.1) 13(21.7) 月收入(元) < 1000 24(40.6) 21(35.0) −0.667 0.505 1000~3000 23(39.0) 25(41.7) 3000~5000 6(10.2) 6(10.0) > 5000 6(10.2) 8(13.3) 医保 有医保 57(96.6) 59(98.3) 0.000 0.988 无医保 2(3.4) 1(1.7) 疾病分期 一期 0(0.0) 0(0.0) −0.773 0.439 二期 16(27.1) 20(33.3) 三期 30(50.8) 29(48.3) 四期 13(22.0) 11(18.3) 表 2 两组鼻咽癌放疗患者口腔粘膜炎发生情况比较[n(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of oral mucositis between the two groups [n(%)]
组别 例数 分级 放疗8次 放疗16次 放疗24次 放疗32次 放疗后1个月 放疗后3个月 干预组 59 0级 53(89.83) 30(50.85) 7(11.86) 1(1.69) 45(76.27) 57(96.61) Ⅰ级 6(10.17) 25(42.37) 45(76.28) 39(66.10) 15(25.42) 2(3.39) Ⅱ级 0 4(6.78) 7(11.86) 14(23.73) 0 0 Ⅲ级 0 0 0 5(8.47) 0 0 对照组 60 0级 47(78.33) 16(26.67) 3(5.00) 0 34(56.67) 55(91.67) Ⅰ级 13(21.67) 27(45.00) 26(43.33) 7(11.67) 26(43.33) 5(8.33) Ⅱ级 0 17(28.33) 23(38.33) 39(65.00) 0 0 Ⅲ级 0 0 8(13.33) 14(23.33) 0 0 Z −1.705 −3.374 −4.577 −5.751 −2.108 −1.141 P 0.088 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* 0.035* 0.254 *P < 0.05。 表 3 两组鼻咽癌放疗患者张口受限发生情况比较n(%)
Table 3. Comparison of mouth opening restriction in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy [n(%)]
组别 例数 分级 放疗8次 放疗16次 放疗24次 放疗32次 放疗后1个月 放疗后3个月 干预组 59 0级 59(100.00) 57(96.61) 55(93.22) 53(89.83) 55(93.22) 56(94.92) Ⅰ级 0 2(3.39) 4(6.78) 6(10.17) 4(6.78) 3(5.08) 对照组 60 0级 60(100.00) 52(86.67) 48(80.00) 44(73.33) 47(78.33) 50(83.33) Ⅰ级 0 8(13.33) 12(20.00) 16(26.67) 13(21.67) 10(16.67) Z 0.000 −1.947 −2.105 −2.308 −2.311 −2.017 P 1.000 0.052 0.035* 0.021* 0.021* 0.044* *P < 0.05。 -
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