Main Influencing Factors of the Second Hospitalization of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
-
摘要:
目的 用冠脉造影检查评估重复住院冠心病患者二次住院的原因及影响因素,以指导临床诊疗决策、减少重复住院。 方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年12月主因心血管病初次住院并行冠脉造影/冠脉介入治疗的冠心病患者316例(初次住院组),按照性别1∶1匹配,连续收集同期因心血管病二次重返住院且行冠脉造影检查/冠脉介入治疗的冠心病患者316例(二次住院组),每组男性235例,女性81例,男女比2.9∶1。2组平均年龄为(59.45±10.09)岁、(60.47±10.16)岁,二次住院的平均间隔时间为(14.30±11.67)月,其中首次确诊冠心病且行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)者265例,占83.9%。 结果 2次住院,2组患者LDL-C、TG、糖尿病史,抽烟史、饮酒史、首次发病临床诊断、各支血管(RCA、LAD、LCX)病变严重程度(Gensini积分)、各支血管放置支架情况差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),二次住院组患糖尿病的比例增多,差异有统计学意义( P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示LDL-C控制不达标,达标率低(13.6%、31.0%)为影响冠心病患者二次住院的独立危险因素(OR = 1.985,95%CI 1.506~2.617);RCA、LM/LAD、LCX放置支架是冠心病患者二次住院的保护因素[(OR = 0.304,95%CI 0.144~0.642)、(OR = 0.184,95%CI 0.099~0.343)、(OR = 0.228,95%CI 0.123~0.424), P < 0.05];相对于首次发病诊断为ST段抬高型心梗(STEMI)者,积极的血运重建治疗为二次住院再次诊断为稳定型心绞痛(SAP)、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)、非ST段抬高型心梗(NSTEMI)再住院的保护性因素[(OR = 0.071,95%CI 0.031~0.163)、(OR = 0.294,95%CI 0.117~0.743)、(OR = 0.323,95%CI 0.117~0.888), P < 0.05];而年龄、TC、HDL-C、Cre、BUN、UA、FPG水平、高血压及各支冠脉血管病变数,差异无统计学意义( P > 0.05)。 结论 冠心病患者严格控制LDL-C水平达标,有效防控糖尿病的进展,积极地对首次住院时严重病变的冠脉血管行有效的血运重建可减少二次住院的发生。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate the causes and influencing factors of re-hospitalization of patients with coronary heart disease by coronary angiography, so as to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions and reduce re-hospitalization. Methods From January 2013 to December 2019, a total of 316 patients who were hospitalized twice with coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention were analyzed retrospectively, including 235 males and 81 females, with a male to female ratio of 2.9∶1. According to the times of hospitalization, they were divided into the first hospitalization group and the second hospitalization group, with an average age of 59.45 ±10.09 years and 60.47±10.16 years. The average time interval between the two hospitalizations was 14.30±11.67 months. Among them, 265 patients were diagnosed with coronary heart disease for the first time and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), accounting for 83%. Results After two hospitalizations, there were significant differences in LDL-C, TG, diabetes history smoking history, drinking history, first-time clinical diagnosis, severity of lesion (Gensini score) of each blood vessel (LAD, RCA, LCX), and stent placement of each blood vessel between the two groups (P < 0.05). The number of diabetic patients increased during the second hospitalization, with significant difference ( P < 0.05) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that LDL-C control was not up to standard, and the low rate of reaching the standard (13.3%, 31.0%) was an independent risk factor affecting the second hospitalization of patients with coronary heart disease (OR = 1.985, 95%CI 1.506~2.617). RCA, LAD and LCX were the protective factors for the second hospitalization of patients with coronary heart disease [(OR = 0.304, 95%CI 0.144~0.642), (OR = 0.184, 95%CI 0.099~0.343), (OR = 0.228, 95%CI 0.123~0.424)] Compared with those who were diagnosed as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) for the first time, active revascularization treatment was a protective factor for re-hospitalization of patients who were diagnosed as stable angina pectoris (SAP), unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) again [(OR = 0.071, 95%CI 0.031~0.163), OR = 0.323, 95%CI 0.117~0.743, P < 0.05]. However, there was no significant difference in age, TC, HDL-C, Cre, BUN, UA, FPG, hypertension and vascular diseases of various coronary arteries ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Strict control of LDL-C level in patients with coronary heart disease can effectively prevent and control the progress of diabetes, and actively carry out effective revascularization on seriously diseased coronary vessels during the first hospitalization can reduce the occurrence of second hospitalization. -
表 1 冠心病患者2次住院各项指标基本情况的比较(
$\bar x \pm s$ )Table 1. Comparison of the basic situation of each index in two hospitalization of patients with coronary heart disease (
$\bar x \pm s $ )临床资料 初次住院组(n = 316) 二次住院组(n = 316) t/Z/χ2 P 年龄(岁) 59.45 ± 10.09 60.47 ± 10.16 −1.273 0.203 LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.95 ± 0.92 2.17 ± 0.75 11.721 < 0.001 TG(mmol/L) 2.32 ± 2.30 2.01 ± 1.46 2.008 0.045* TC(mmol/L) 4.63 ± 1.29 4.47 ± 1.15 1.667 0.096 HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.07 ± 0.32 1.04 ± 0.25 1.045 0.296 Cre(µmol/L) 80.66 ± 22.14 83.41 ± 20.43 −1.625 0.105 BUN(mmol/L) 4.94 ± 1.68 5.02 ± 1.47 −0.616 0.538 UA(mmol/L) 379.30 ± 94.49 388.5 ± 104.90 −1.166 0.244 FPG(mmol/L) 6.38 ± 2.40 6.39 ± 2.45 −0.054 0.957 抽烟史[n(%)] 142(44.9) 63(19.9) 45.060 < 0.001 饮酒史[n(%)] 135(42.7) 35(11.1) 80.469 < 0.001 高血压[n(%)] 212(67.1) 225(71.20) 1.068 0.301 糖尿病[n(%)] 93(29.4) 117(37.0) 4.108 0.043* STEMI[n(%)] 124(39.2) 9(2.8) 226.011 < 0.001 NSTEMI[n(%)] 45(14.2) 13(4.1) UAP[n(%)] 66(20.9) 31(9.8) SAP[n(%)] 81(25.6) 263(83.2) LM有狭窄病变[n(%)] 28(8.9) 30(9.5) 0.083 0.773 RCA有狭窄病变[n(%)] 260(82.3) 266(84.4) 0.534 0.465 LAD有狭窄病变[n(%)] 303(95.9) 302(95.9) 0.000 0.993 LCX有狭窄病变[n(%)] 225(71.2) 226(71.7) 0.023 0.880 LM/LAD放置支架[n(%)] 160(50.6) 31(9.8) 124.361 < 0.001 RCA放置支架[n(%)] 100(31.6) 27(8.5) 52.245 < 0.001 LCX放置支架[n(%)] 53(16.8) 24(7.6) 12.336 < 0.001 LM-Gensini积分[分,M(Q1,Q3)] 0.00(0.0,0.0) 0.00(0.0,0.0) −0.613 0.540 RCA-Gensini积分[分,M(Q1,Q3)] 6.00(2.0,12.8) 2.00(0.0,6.0) −6.856 < 0.001 LAD-Gensini积分[分,M(Q1,Q3)] 17.00(6.0,33.8) 4.00(0.0,8.0) −12.323 < 0.001 LCX-Gensini积分[分,M(Q1,Q3)] 4(0.0,10.0) 2.00(0.0,8.0) −3.914 < 0.001 TG:甘油三酯;TC:总胆固醇;LDL-C:LDL-C胆固醇;HDL-C:HDL-C胆固醇;Cre:肌酐;BUN:尿素氮;UA:尿酸;FPG:空腹葡萄糖;LM:左主干;RCA:右冠状动脉;LAD:左前降支;LCX:左回旋支;SAP:稳定型心绞痛;UAP:不稳定型心绞痛;NSTEMI:非ST段抬高型心梗;STEMI:ST段抬高型心肌梗死,*P < 0.05。 表 2 对比首次住院,影响冠心病患者二次住院的Logistic多因素回归分析
Table 2. Logistic multivariate regression analysis of secondary hospitalization in patient with coronary heart disease
比较项目 SE Wald值 OR值 95%CI P值 抽烟史 −0.115 0.109 1.109 0.891(0.719~1.104) 0.292 饮酒史 −0.172 0.494 0.121 0.842(0.320~2.216) 0.728 LDL-C 0.686 0.141 23.631 1.985(1.506~2.617) < 0.001 TG 0.085 0.065 1.717 1.089(0.959~1.237) 0.190 糖尿病 −0.13 0.164 0.628 0.878(0.637~1.211) 0.428 SAP* −2.643 0.425 38.739 0.071(0.031~0.163) < 0.001 UAP* −1.223 0.473 6.697 0.294(0.117~0.743) 0.010* NSTEMI* −1.131 0.517 4.791 0.323(0.117~0.888) 0.029* STEMI 1 RCA-Gensini积分 0.013 0.017 0.585 0.013(0.980~1.047) 0.444 LAD-Gensini积分 0.015 0.008 3.083 1.015(0.998~1.031) 0.079 LCX-Gensini积分 −0.007 0.009 0.548 0.993(0.976~1.011) 0.459 RCA放置支架 −1.19 0.381 9.764 0.304(0.144~0.642 0.002* LM/LAD放置支架 −1.692 0.317 28.457 0.184(0.099~0.343) < 0.001 LCX放置支架 −1.478 0.316 21.820 0.228(0.123~0.424) < 0.001 LDL-C:低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;TG:甘油三酯;LM:左主干;RCA:右冠状动脉;LAD:左前降支;LCX:左回旋支;SAP:稳定型心绞痛;UAP:不稳定型心绞痛;NSTEMI:非ST段抬高型心梗;STEMI:ST段抬高型心梗;以STEMI为对比,赋值后进行的回归分析,*P < 0.05。 -
[1] 中国心血管健康与疾病报告2019[J]. 中国心血管健康与疾病报告2019[J]. 心肺血管病杂志,2020,39(10):1157-1162. [2] 王笑梅,肖航,唐刚,等. 重庆地区老年冠心病患者治疗方案与中远期再入院率的相关性[J]. 中华老年多器官疾病杂志,2013,12(6):417-421. [3] 顾昕. “健康中国”战略中基本卫生保健的治理创新[J]. 中国社会科学,2019(12):121-138+202. [4] 中国高血压防治指南(2018年修订版)[J]. 中国高血压防治指南(2018年修订版)[J]. 中国心血管杂志,2019,24(01):24-56. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5410.2019.01.002 [5] 中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2017年版)[J]. 中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2017年版)[J]. 中华糖尿病杂志,2018,10(01):4-67. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-5809.2018.01.003 [6] 慢性稳定性心绞痛诊断与治疗指南[J]. 慢性稳定性心绞痛诊断与治疗指南[J]. 中华心血管病杂志,2007,35(3):195-206. doi: 10.3760/j.issn:0253-3758.2007.03.002 [7] 柯元南,陈纪林. 不稳定性心绞痛和非ST段抬高心肌梗死诊断与治疗指南[J]. 中华心血管病杂志,2007,35(4):295-304. doi: 10.3760/j.issn:0253-3758.2007.04.003 [8] 中华医学会心血管病学分会,中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会. 急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死诊断和治疗指南(2019)[J]. 中华心血管病杂志,2019,47(10):766-783. [9] Elyamani A S,Elnozahi M A,Abdelmoteleb A M. Correlation between Atherogenic index and the severity of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients undergoing elective coronary angiography using Gensini score[J]. QJM:An international journal of medicine,2020,113(Suppl1):136-137. [10] 中华医学会心血管病学分会,中国康复医学会心脏预防与康复专业委员会,中国老年学和老年医学会心脏专业委员会. 中国心血管病一级预防指南[J]. 中国心血管病杂志,2020,48(12):1000-1038. [11] Elyamani A S,Elnozahi M A,Abdelmoteleb A M,et al. Correlation between Atherogenic index and the severity of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients undergoing elective coronary angiography using Gensini score[J]. QJM:An International Journal of Medicine,2020,113(1):41-42. [12] Tetsuro Yokokawa,Akiomi Yoshihisa,Takatoyo Kiko,et al. Gensini Score Is Associated With Long-Term Cardiac Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention[J]. Circulation Reports,2020,2(2):89-94. doi: 10.1253/circrep.CR-19-0121 [13] Brian A,Ference,John J P,et al. Association of Triglyceride-Lowering LPL Variants and LDL-C–Lowering LDLR Variants With Risk of Coronary HeartDisease[J]. JAMA,2019,321(4):364-373. [14] 胡大一,于晓松,杜雪平,等. 血脂异常基层诊疗指南(2019年)[J]. 中华全科医师杂志,2019,18(5):406-416. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-7368.2019.05.003 [15] Mach François,Baigent Colin,CatapanoAlberico L,et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias:lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk[J]. European Heart Journal,2020,41(1):111-188. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455 [16] 曹爱霖, 许绍兰, 缪锦云, 等. 中国冠心病患者LDL-C达标与PCI术后冠脉再狭窄研究—一项基于真实世界的10年回顾性研究[C]. 第九届全国治疗药物监测学术年会论文摘要集. 2019: 1. [17] 童江涛,夏勇. 急性心肌梗死患者再入院时冠状动脉造影特点分析[J]. 中国循证心血管医学杂志,2017,9(10):1204-1207. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4055.2017.10.16