Study on Anxious Behaviors of Pure and Multiple Concussion on the 14th Day Post-injury in Rats
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摘要:
目的 观察一重与多重脑震荡（multiple cerebral concussion，MCC）大鼠的焦虑行为变化。 方法 成年SD大鼠50只，用单摆闭合性脑损伤打击装置复制大鼠一重脑震荡（pure cerebral concussion，PCC）和多重脑震荡（multiple cerebral concussion，MCC）模型，另设一正常对照组（normal，N）每组12只大鼠。于损伤后第14天进行旷场实验（open field test，OFT）和高架十字迷宫实验（high plus maze，HPM）检测，评估其焦虑行为变化。 结果 （1）在OFT实验中：① PCC组和3 MCC组在中央区行走格数为[9.500（6.50，16.75）]格、[5.00（3.50，9.00）]格，N组为[10.00（7.00，17.88）]格。损伤组在中央区行走的格数与停留时间均少于对照组，3 MCC组与N组、PCC组比较差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.024，P = 0.033）。② PCC组和3 MCC组在周边区行走格数为[54.50（26.88，62.25）]格、[65.00（28.50，81.00）]格，N组为[33.00（1.13，51.50）]格。损伤组在周边区（surround areas，SA）行走格数和时间均高于对照组，3 MCC组与N组比较差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.015）。③ PCC组和3 MCC组梳理毛发频次为（4.20±1.03）次、（2.44±0.73）次，N组为（5.20±1.62）次。损伤组梳理毛发次数均少于N组，且3 MCC组较N组与PCC组差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.013，P = 0.019）。④各损伤组大鼠在旷场实验中CA区行走格数、行走时间与理毛次数，均随着打击次数的增加呈现下降趋势。此外，随着打击次数的增加，损伤大鼠在SA区行走格数与行走时间则呈上升趋势。（2）在HMP实验中：① PCC组和3 MCC组进入开臂次数为[1.00（0.00，1.00）]次、[0.50（0.00，1.00）]次，N组为[1.00（0.00，2.00）]次。各损伤组进入开臂（open arms，OA）次数和时间均少于正常组，但各组间差异无统计学意义，P > 0.05。②损伤组在OA中向台下探索次数均少于N组，其中3 MCC组差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.032）。③ PCC组和3 MCC组进入闭臂次数为[1.00（1.00，1.00）]次、[0.00（0.00，1.00）]次，N组为[0.00（0.00，1.00）]次。损伤组进入闭臂（enclosed arms，EA）次数与时间均高于N组，进入EA次数，3 MCC组与PCC组比较，差异具有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.015）；进入EA时间，3 MCC组与N组、PCC组比较差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.042，P = 0.027）。④各损伤组大鼠在高架十字迷宫实验中，进入OA臂的次数、时间与向台下探望次数，均随着打击次数的增加呈现下降趋势。此外，随着打击次数的增加，损伤大鼠在EA臂中的停留时间则呈上升趋势。 结论 一重和三重脑震荡大鼠损伤后14 d焦虑行为开始明显增加，且大鼠经历三次脑震荡后的焦虑行为重于一次性脑震荡。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of pure and multiple cerebral concussion （MCC） on the changes of anxiety behaviors in rats. Methods There were 50 adult SD rats with single pendulum closed brain injury device to simulate pure concussion （PCC） and multiple concussion （MCC）, and a normal control group （N） with 12 rats in each group. Open field test （OFT） and high plus maze （HPM） were performed on the 14th day after injury to assess changes in anxious behaviours. Results （1） In the OFT experiment: ① In the PCC group and the 3 MCC group, the walking number in the CA was （9.500 （6.50, 16.75）, （5.00 （3.50, 9.00）, and the N group was （10.00 （7.00, 17.88）. The number of lattice walking and residence time in the central area in the injury group were both less than those in the control group, and the difference between the 3 MCC group and the N group and the PCC group was statistically significant （P < 0.05） （P = 0.024, P = 0.033）. ② In the PCC group and the 3 MCC group, the walking number in the SA was （54.50 （26.88, 62.25））, （65.00 （28.50, 81.00））, and the N group was （33.00 （1.13, 51.50））. The number of surround areas （SA） and walking time in the injury group were all higher than those in the control group, and the difference between the 3 MCC group and the N group was statistically significant （P < 0.05, P = 0.015）. ③ The frequency of combing hair in PCC group and 3 MCC group was （4.20±1.03） times, （2.44±0.73） times, and N group was （5.20±1.62） times.The number of grooming times in the injury group was less than that in the N group, and the difference between the 3 MCC group and the N group and the PCC group was statistically significant （P < 0.05, P = 0.013, P = 0.019）. ④ in the open field experiment, the number of walking lattice, walking time and the number of grooming in the CA area of rats in each injury group showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the number of blows.In addition, with the increase of the number of strikes, the number of walking lattice and walking time in SA area of injured rats presented an increasing trend.（2） In the HMP experiment: ① The number of OA in the PCC group and the 3 MCC group was （1.00 （0.00, 1.00）） times, （0.50 （0.00, 1.00）） times, and the N group was （1.00 （0.00, 2.00）） times. The Times and time of entering open arms （OA） in each injury group were less than those in the normal group, but the differences between groups were not statistically significant, P > 0.05. ② the number of times of exploration in OA in the injury group was less than that in the N group, and the difference of 3 MCC group was statistically significant （P < 0.05, P = 0.032）. ③ The number of EA in the PCC group and the 3 MCC group was （1.00 （1.00, 1.00））times, （0.00 （0.00, 1.00）） times, and the N group was （0.00 （0.00, 1.00）） times. The times and time of the lesion group entering the closed arm （EA） was higher than that of the N group, The number of EA entry was statistically significant between the 3 MCC group and the PCC group （P < 0.05, P = 0.015）. At the time of EA, there was a statistically significant difference between the 3 MCC group, N group and PCC group （P < 0.05, P = 0.042, P = 0.027）. ④ In the overhead cross maze experiment, the number of rats entering the OA arm, the time and the number of visits to the floor all decreased with the increase of the number of blows. In addition, with the increase of batting times, the residence time of injured rats in the EA arm increased. Conclusion The anxious behaviors of rats with PCC and MCC increased significantly on the 14th day after injury, and the anxious behaviors of rats with MCC are more serious than that with PCC. -
Key words:
- Multiple cerebral concussion /
- Anxious behavior /
- Open field test /
- High plus maze
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表 1 PCC与3 MCC大鼠伤后14 d OFT数据[（
$\bar x \pm s$ ），n = 12，M（P25，P75）]Table 1. OFT data of PCC and 3 MCC rats on the 14th day after injury [（
$\bar x \pm s$ ），n = 12，M（P25，P75）]分组 中央格数（格） 中央格时间（s） 周边格数（格） 周边格时间（s） 理毛频次（次） N 10.00（7.00，17.88） 90.50（65.25，286.50） 33.00（1.13，51.50） 227.00（13.50，251.75） 5.20 ± 1.62 PCC 9.500（6.50，16.75） 56.00（32.25，104.00） 54.50（26.88，62.25） 234.50（196.00，275.75） 4.20 ± 1.03 3 MCC 5.00（3.50，9.00）▲* 23.00（11.00，36.00）▲* 65.00（28.50，81.00）▲ 263.50（217.00，278.00） 2.44 ± 0.73▲* 与N组比较，▲P < 0.05；与PCC组比较，*P < 0.05。 
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表 2 伤后14 d OFT实验PCC与3 MCC大鼠焦虑行为较正常组变化率（%）
Table 2. The changes of anxious behaviors of PCC and 3 MCC rats on the 14th day after injury by OFT test （%）
分组 中央格数（格） 中央格时间（s） 周边格数（格） 周边格时间（s） 理毛频次（次） N 100 100 100 100 100 PCC 95.00 61.88 165.15 103.30 80.8 3 MCC 50.00 25.41 196.97 116.08 46.9
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表 3 PCC与3 MCC大鼠伤后14 d HMP数据[（
$\bar x \pm s$ ），n = 12，M（P25，P75）]Table 3. HMP data of PCC and 3 MCC rats on the 14th day after injury [（
$\bar x \pm s$ ），n = 12、M（P25，P75）]分组 开臂 闭臂 开臂进入次数（次） 进入开臂时间（s） 向台下探究次数（次） 闭臂进入次数（次） 进入闭臂时间（s） N 1.00（0.00，2.00） 199.00（0.00，299.75） 8.42 ± 6.26 1.00（0.00，1.00） 0.00（0.00，201.25） PCC 1.00（0.00，1.00） 20.00（0.00，111.75） 4.50 ± 4.36 1.00（1.00，1.00） 241.50（4.25，289.25） 3 MCC 0.50（0.00，1.00） 13.50（0.00，109.25） 2.75 ± 3.77▲ 0.00（0.00，1.00）* 271.50（0.00，297.00）▲* 与N组比较，▲P < 0.05；与PCC组比较，*P < 0.05。
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表 4 伤后14 d HMP实验PCC与3 MCC大鼠焦虑行为较正常组变化率（%）
Table 4. The changes of anxious behaviors of PCC and 3 MCC rats on the 14th day after injury by HMP test （%）
分组 开臂 闭臂 开臂进入次数（次） 进入开臂时间（s） 向台下探究次数（次） 闭臂进入次数（次） 进入闭臂时间（s） N 100 100 100 100 100 PCC 100 10.05 53.44 100 0.00 3 MCC 50.0 6.78 32.66 0.00 0.00
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