The Research Progress on the Effect of Prostaglandin E2 on Bone Remodeling
-
摘要: 脂质介质对炎症性骨疾病如类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、牙周炎等疾病具有重要影响作用。其中前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2),它是骨改建过程中最重要的脂质介质之一,其对成骨细胞和破骨细胞均发挥显著的调控作用,并参与多种炎症性骨疾病的发生发展。PGE2在骨改建中的多面性使得较难辨别其作用。因此,就近年来关于PGE2在骨改建及炎症性骨疾病中的作用作一综述。Abstract: Lipid mediators have an important effect on inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontitis, etc. Among them, PGE2, which is one of the most important lipid mediators in the process of bone remodeling, plays a significant regulatory role on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and participates in the occurrence and development of a variety of inflammatory bone diseases. PGE2 can mobilize cAMP and RANKL to promote osteoclast formation and increase bone resorption. Furthermore, interleukin (IL)-1- and IL-6-stimulated bone resorption involves PGE2 production. In addition to its bone-resorptive effffects, PGE2 promotes the bone formation in vitro by stimulating osteoblastic proliferation and difffferentiation. The multi-faceted nature of PGE2 makes it difficult to discern its role in bone remodeling. This article reviews the role of PGE2 in bone reconstruction in recent years.
-
Key words:
- Prostaglandin E2 /
- Bone remodeling /
- Inflammatory bone disease /
- Osteoblast /
- Osteoclast
-
[1] Hikiji H,Takato T,Shimizu T,et al. The roles of prostanoids,leukotrienes,and platelet-activating factor in bone metabolism and disease[J]. Prog Lipid Res,2008,47(2):107-126. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2007.12.003 [2] Raisz L G,Alander C B,Fall P M,et al. Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha on bone formation and resorption incultured neonatal mouse calvariae:Role of prostaglandin E2 production[J]. Endocrinology,1990,126(2):1076-1079. doi: 10.1210/endo-126-2-1076 [3] Tian X Y,Zhang Q,Zhao R,et al. Continuous infusion of PGE2 is catabolic with a negative bone balance on both cancellous and cortical bone in rats[J]. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact,2007,7(4):372-381. [4] Deo V,Bhongade M L. Pathogenesis of periodontitis:Role of cytokines in host response[J]. Dent Today,2010,29(9):60-69. [5] Park J Y,Pillinger M H,Abramson S B. Prostaglandin E2 synthesis and secretion:The role of PGE2 synthases[J]. Clin Immunol,2006,119(3):229-240. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.01.016 [6] Oksuz E,Atalar F,Tanırverdi G,et al. Therapeutic potential of cyclooxygenase-3 inhibitors in the management of glioblastoma[J]. J Neurooncol,2016,126(2):271-278. doi: 10.1007/s11060-015-1976-x [7] Hassan L,Pinon A,Limami Y,et al. Resistance to ursolic acid-induced apoptosis through involvement of melanogenesis and COX-2/PGE2 pathways in human M4Beu melanoma cancer cells[J]. Exp Cell Res,2016,345(1):60-69. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.05.023 [8] Paulissen S M,Van Hamburg J P,Davelaar N,et al. Synovial fibroblasts directly induce Th17 pathogenicity via the cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2 pathway,independent of IL-23[J]. J Immunol,2013,191(3):1364-1372. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300274 [9] Park G J,Kim Y S,Kang K L,et al. Effects of sirtuin 1 activation on nicotine and lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokine production in human gingival fibroblasts[J]. J Periodontal Res,2013,48(4):483-492. doi: 10.1111/jre.12030 [10] Chang M C,Chen Y J,Chang H H,et al. Areca nut components affect COX-2,cyclin B1/cdc25C and keratin expression,PGE2 production in keratinocyte is related to reactive oxygen species,CYP1A1,Src,Egfr and Ras signaling[J]. PLoS One,2014,9(7):e101959. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101959 [11] Engen S A,Schreurs O,Petersen F,et al. The regulatory role of the oral commensal streptococcus mitis on human monocytes[J]. Scand J Immunol,2018,87(2):80-87. doi: 10.1111/sji.12636 [12] Engen S A,Rørvik G H,Schreurs O,et al. The oral commensal streptococcus mitis activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in human oral epithelial cells[J]. Int J Oral Sci,2017,9(3):145-150. doi: 10.1038/ijos.2017.17 [13] Wang Y,Ren B,Zhou X,et al. Growth and adherence of staphylococcus aureus were enhanced through the PGE2 produced by the activated COX-2/PGE2 pathway of infected oral epithelial cells[J]. PLoS One,2017,12(5):e0177166. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177166 [14] Fang S Deng Y Gu P,et al. MicroRNAs regulate bone development and regeneration[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2015,16(4):8227-8253. [15] Alander C B,Raisz L G. Effects of selective prostaglandins E2 receptor agonists on cultured calvarial murine osteoblastic cells[J]. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat,2006,81(3-4):178-183. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.09.005 [16] Akhter M P,Cullen D M,Pan L C. Bone biomechanical properties in EP4 knockout mice[J]. Calcif Tissue Int,2006,78(6):357-362. doi: 10.1007/s00223-005-0186-5 [17] Akhter M P,Cullen D M,Gong G,et al. Bone biomechanical properties in prostaglandin EP1 and EP2 knockout mice[J]. Bone,2001,29(2):121-125. doi: 10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00486-0 [18] Yoshida K,Oida H,Kobayashi T,et al. Stimulation of bone formation and prevention of bone loss by prostaglandin E EP4 receptor activation[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2002,99(7):4580-4585. doi: 10.1073/pnas.062053399 [19] Li M,Ke H Z,Qi H,et al. A novel,non-prostanoid EP2 receptor-selective prostaglandin E2 agonist stimulates local bone formation and enhances fracture healing[J]. J Bone Miner Res,2003,18(11):2033-2042. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.11.2033 [20] Choudhary S,Wadhwa S,Raisz L G,et al. Extracellular calcium is a potent inducer of cyclo-oxygenase-2 in murine osteoblasts through an ERK signaling pathway[J]. J Bone Miner Res,2003,18(10):1813-1824. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.10.1813 [21] Arikawa T,Omura K,Morita I. Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression by endogenous prostaglandin E2 in human mesenchymal stem cells[J]. J Cell Physiol,2004,200(3):400-406. doi: 10.1002/jcp.20031 [22] Hakeda Y,Nakatani Y,Kurihara N,et al. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates collagen and non-collagen protein synthesis and prolyl hydroxylase activity in osteoblastic clone MC3T3-E1 cells[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1985,126(1):340-345. doi: 10.1016/0006-291X(85)90611-4 [23] Tang C H,Yang R S,Fu W M. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates fibronectin expression through EP1 receptor,phospholipase C,protein kinase Ca,and c-Src pathway in primary cultured rat osteoblasts[J]. J Biol Chem,2005,280(24):22907-22916. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M500130200 [24] Samoto H,Shimizu E,Matsuda-Honjyo Y,et al. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates bone sialoprotein(BSP)expression through cAMP and fibroblast growth factor 2 response elements in the proximal promoter of the rat BSP gene[J]. J Biol Chem,2003,278(31):28659-28667. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M300671200 [25] Chyun Y S,Raisz L G. Stimulation of bone formation by prostaglandin E2[J]. Prostaglandins,1984,27(1):97-103. doi: 10.1016/0090-6980(84)90223-5 [26] Kaneki H,Takasugi I,Fujieda M,et al. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates the formation of mineralized bone nodules by a cAMP-independent mechanism in the culture of adult rat calvarialosteoblasts[J]. J Cell Biochem,1999,73(1):36-48. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19990401)73:1<36::AID-JCB5>3.0.CO;2-F [27] Fujimori A,Tsutsumi M,Fukase M,et al. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors enhance cell growth in an osteoblastic cell line,MC3T3-E1[J]. J Bone Miner Res,1989,4(5):697-704. [28] Pilbeam C C,Raisz L G,Voznesensky O,et al. Autoregulation of inducible prostaglandin G/H synthase in osteoblastic cells by prostaglandins[J]. J Bone Miner Res,1995,10(3):406-414. [29] Suda M,Tanaka K,Natsui K,et al. Prostaglandin E receptor subtypes in mouse osteoblastic cell line[J]. Endocrinology,1996,137(5):1698-1705. doi: 10.1210/endo.137.5.8612504 [30] Xu Z,Choudhary S,Okada Y,et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 gene disruption promotes proliferation of murine calvarial osteoblasts in vitro[J]. Bone,2007,41(1):68-76. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.03.009 [31] Niu J C,Ma N,Liu W,et al. EP1 receptor is involved in prostaglandin E2-induced osteosarcoma growth[J]. Bosn J Basic Med Sci,2019,19(3):265-273. [32] Kim J H,Kim N. Regulation of NFATc1 in osteoclast differentiation[J]. J Bone Metab,2014,21(4):233-241. doi: 10.11005/jbm.2014.21.4.233 [33] Wani M R,Fuller K,Kim N S,et al. Prostaglandin E2 cooperates with TRANCE in osteoclast induction from hemopoietic precursors:Synergistic activation of differentiation,cell spreading,and fusion[J]. Endocrinology,1999,140(4):1927-1935. doi: 10.1210/endo.140.4.6647 [34] Lader C S,Flanagan A M. Prostaglandin E2,interleukin 1a,and tumor necrosis factor-a increase human osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro[J]. Endocrinology,1998,139(7):3157-3164. doi: 10.1210/endo.139.7.6085 [35] Chenu C,Kurihara N,Mundy G R,et al. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits formation of osteoclastlike cells in long-term human marrow cultures but is not a mediator of the inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor beta[J]. J Bone Miner Res,1990,5(7):677-681. [36] Kobayashi Y,Mizoguchi T,Take I,et al. Prostaglandin E2 enhances osteoclastic differentiation of precursor cells through protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of TAK1[J]. J Biol Chem,2005,280(12):11395-11403. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M411189200 [37] Fan F,Shi P,Liu M,et al. Lactoferrin preserves bone homeostasis by regulating the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway of osteoimmunology[J]. Food Funct,2018,9(5):2653-2660. [38] Li X,Okada Y,Pilbeam C C,et al. Knockout of the murine prostaglandin EP2 receptor impairs osteoclastogenesis in vitro[J]. Endocrinology,2000,141(6):2054-2061. doi: 10.1210/endo.141.6.7518 [39] Kwan Tat S,Padrines M,Theoleyre S,et al. IL-6,Rankl,TNF-alpha/IL-1:Interrelations in bone resorption pathophysiology[J]. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev,2004,15(1):49-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2003.10.005 [40] Millet I,McCarthy TL,Vignery A. Regulation of interleukin-6 production by prostaglandin E2 in fetal rat osteoblasts:Role of protein kinase a signaling pathway[J]. J Bone Miner Res,1998,13(7):1092-1100. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.7.1092 [41] Liu X H,Kirschenbaum A,Yao S,et al. Cross-talk between the interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 signaling systems results in enhancement of osteoclastogenesis through effects on the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(RANK)ligand/ RANK system[J]. Endocrinology,2005,146(4):1991-1998. doi: 10.1210/en.2004-1167 [42] Suda K,Udagawa N,Sato N,et al. Suppression of osteoprotegerin expression by prostaglandin E2 is crucially involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation[J]. J Immunol,2004,172(4):2504-2510. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.4.2504 [43] Sato K,Takayanagi H. Osteoclasts,rheumatoid arthritis,and osteoimmunology[J]. Curr Opin Rheumatol,2006,18(4):419-426. doi: 10.1097/01.bor.0000231912.24740.a5 [44] Martel-Pelletier J,Pelletier JP,Fahmi H. Cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandins in articular tissues[J]. Semin Arthritis Rheum,2003,33(3):155-167. doi: 10.1016/S0049-0172(03)00134-3 [45] Kotake S,Udagawa N,Takahashi N,et al. IL-17 in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a potent stimulator of osteoclastogenesis[J]. J Clin Invest,1999,103(9):1345-1352. doi: 10.1172/JCI5703 [46] Kojima F,Naraba H,Sasaki Y,et al. Coexpression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase with cyclooxygenase-2 in human rheumatoid synovial cells[J]. J Rheumatol,2002,29(9):1836-1842. [47] Korotkova M,Westman M,Gheorghe K R,et al. Effects of antirheumatic treatments on the prostaglandin E2 biosynthetic pathway[J]. Arthritis Rheum,200,52(11):3439-3447. [48] Suzawa T,Miyaura C,Inada M,et al. The role of prostaglandin E receptor subtypes(EP1,EP2,EP3,and EP4)in bone resorption:An analysis using specific agonists for the respective EPs[J]. Endocrinology,2000,141(4):1554-1559. doi: 10.1210/endo.141.4.7405 [49] Zhou L L,Zhu Y M,Qian F Y,et al. MicroRNA1433p contributes to the regulation of pain responses in collageninduced arthritis[J]. Mol Med Rep,2018,18(3):3219-3228. [50] Fan P,He L,Hu N,et al. Effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines through regulating microRNA-22 in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Cell Physiol Biochem,2017,42(1):145-155. doi: 10.1159/000477123 [51] Ghosh P,Smith M. Osteoarthritis,genetic and molecular mechanisms[J]. Biogerontology,2002,3(1-2):85-88. [52] Smith M D,Triantafillou S,Parker A,et al. Synovial membrane inflammation and cytokine production in patients with early osteoarthritis[J]. J Rheumatol,1997,24(2):365-371. [53] Inoue H,Takamori M,Shimoyama Y,et al. Regulation by PGE2 of the production of interleukin-6,macrophage colony stimulating factor,and vascular endothelial growth factor in human synovial fibroblasts[J]. Br J Pharmacol,2002,136(2):287-295. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704705 [54] Hilal G,Massicotte F,Martel-Pelletier J,et al. Endogenous prostaglandin E2 and insulin-like growth factor 1 can modulate the levels of parathyroid hormone receptor in human osteoarthritic osteoblasts[J]. J Bone Miner Res,2001,16(4):713-721. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.4.713 [55] Blanco F J,Guitian R,Vázquez-Martul E,et al. Osteoarthritis chondrocytes die by apoptosis. A possible pathway for osteoarthritis pathology[J]. Arthritis Rheum,1998,41(2):284-289. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(199802)41:2<284::AID-ART12>3.0.CO;2-T [56] Park S J,Cheon E J,Kim H A. MicroRNA-558 regulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-1β-induced catabolic effects in human articular chondrocytes[J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2013,21(7):981-989. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.04.012 [57] Rasheed Z,Rasheed N,Al-Shobaili H A. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate up-regulates microRNA-199a-3p expression by down-regulating the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in stimulated human osteoarthritis chondrocytes[J]. J Cell Mol Med,2016,20(12):2241-2248. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12897 [58] Akhtar N,Haqqi T M. MicroRNA-199a* regulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human chondrocytes[J]. Ann Rheum Dis,2012,71(6):1073-1080. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200519 [59] Costa F O,Guimaraes A N,Cota L O,et al. Impact of different periodontitis case definitions on periodontal research[J]. J Oral Sci,2009,51(2):199-206. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.51.199 [60] Meyle J,Chapple I. Molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of periodontitis[J]. Periodontol 2000,2015,69(1):7-17. [61] Ohm K,Albers H K,Lisboa B P. Measurement of eight prostaglandins in human gingival and periodontal disease using high pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay[J]. J Periodontal Res,1984,19(5):501-511. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1984.tb01305.x [62] Ishimi Y,Miyaura C,Jin C H,et al. IL-6 is produced by osteoblasts and induces bone resorption[J]. J Immunol,1990,145(10):3297-3303. [63] Devlin R D,Reddy S V,Savino R,et al. IL-6 mediates the effects of IL-1 or TNF,but not PTHrP or 1,25(OH)2D3,on osteoclast-like cell formation in normal human bone marrow cultures[J]. J Bone Miner Res,1998,13(3):393-399. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.3.393 [64] Kozawa O,Suzuki A,Tokuda H,et al. Interleukin-6 synthesis induced by prostaglandin E2:Cross-talk regulation by protein kinase C[J]. Bone,1998,22(4):355-360. doi: 10.1016/S8756-3282(97)00293-7 [65] Udagawa N,Takahashi N,Katagiri T,et al. Interleukin(IL)-6 induction of osteoclast differentiation depends on IL-6 receptors expressed on osteoblastic cells but not on osteoclast progenitors[J]. J Exp Med,1995,182(5):1461-1468. doi: 10.1084/jem.182.5.1461 [66] Palmqvist P,Persson E,Conaway H H,et al. IL-6,leukemia inhibitory factor,and oncostatin M stimulate bone resorption and regulate the expression of receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand,osteoprotegerin,and receptor activator of NF-kappa B in mouse calvariae[J]. J Immunol,2002,169(6):3353-3362. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.6.3353 [67] Irwandi R A,Khonsuphap P,Limlawan P,et al. miR-302a-3p regulates RANKL expression in human mandibular osteoblast-like cells[J]. J Cell Biochem,2018,119(6):4372-4381. doi: 10.1002/jcb.26456
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 2658
- HTML全文浏览量: 2807
- PDF下载量: 43
- 被引次数: 0