留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

前列腺素E2对骨改建作用的研究进展

刘芸 和红兵

刘记宏, 马志强, 王霖, 王晓燕, 田伟光, 李保萍, 董睿, 吕玉佳. 肺结核患者感染新冠病毒免疫功能的相关性分析[J]. 昆明医科大学学报, 2024, 45(4): 157-162. doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20240423
引用本文: 刘芸, 和红兵. 前列腺素E2对骨改建作用的研究进展[J]. 昆明医科大学学报, 2021, 42(9): 149-155. doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20210916
Jihong LIU, Zhiqiang MA, Lin WANG, Xiaoyan WANG, Weiguang TIAN, Baoping LI, Rui DONG, Yujia LV. Correlation Analysis of Immune Function of Tuberculosis Patients Infected with COVID-19[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University, 2024, 45(4): 157-162. doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20240423
Citation: Yun LIU, Hong-bing HE. The Research Progress on the Effect of Prostaglandin E2 on Bone Remodeling[J]. Journal of Kunming Medical University, 2021, 42(9): 149-155. doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20210916

前列腺素E2对骨改建作用的研究进展

doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20210916
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81660184)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘芸(1993~),女,云南昭通人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事牙周病临床工作

    通讯作者:

    和红兵,E-mail:1320058043@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: R781.4

The Research Progress on the Effect of Prostaglandin E2 on Bone Remodeling

  • 摘要: 脂质介质对炎症性骨疾病如类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、牙周炎等疾病具有重要影响作用。其中前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2),它是骨改建过程中最重要的脂质介质之一,其对成骨细胞和破骨细胞均发挥显著的调控作用,并参与多种炎症性骨疾病的发生发展。PGE2在骨改建中的多面性使得较难辨别其作用。因此,就近年来关于PGE2在骨改建及炎症性骨疾病中的作用作一综述。
  • 结核病(tuberculosis,TB)是由结核分枝杆菌(mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)感染引起的慢性感染性疾病,最常受累呼吸道,引起肺结核。世界卫生组织 2023 年全球结核病报告统计:2022年全球新发结核病患者估算 1060 万,发病率133/10 万[1],我国人口基数众多,2022年估算结核病新发患者74.8 万,发病数居30个结核病高负担国家中的第 3 位,占全球发病数的 7.1%[2]。而新冠肺炎(COVID-19)是2019年起造成严重呼吸衰竭的重要原因,其免疫致病性与病毒毒力、先天性和适应性免疫反应间缺乏有效协调相关[3-5]。 COVID-19大流行期间,结核护理滞后及病人免疫状态不佳致使结核病罹患人数和死亡人数增加,同时,TB-COVID共发感染是临床死亡率上升不可忽视的重要原因之一,给传染病防治工作带来了极大挑战[6-7]

    结核病免疫治疗专家共识(2022年版)强调,TB的发生、进展、转归均与机体免疫状态密切相关,TB患者通常免疫功能低下、固有免疫和适应性免疫功能异常[8], T细胞是抗分枝杆菌宿主防御的重要参与部分,也是结核潜伏感染期间遏制分枝杆菌传播的关键环节[9-10]。新冠病毒对人体免疫系统的破坏呈嗜淋巴细胞性,包括淋巴细胞的直接损伤、诱导凋亡、分化障碍等,认为 “炎症风暴”是新冠病毒导致机体免疫紊乱的主要机制,在多项细胞因子的参与下,形成免疫炎症级联反应,释放炎症因子进一步介导淋巴细胞的增殖、活化[11]。目前针对结核病人共发感染新冠肺炎的免疫功能相关研究较少,且COVID-19感染对肺结核患者免疫功能造成的影响也尚不明确。因此,对淋巴细胞和细胞因子研究分析,可以为该类患者的免疫状态研究提供非常有价值的基础,并为其免疫状态的评估提供参考,对结核病的预防和治疗都有积极作用。

    回顾性分析2022年3月至2023年8月昆明市第三人民医院(昆明市结核病防治院、昆明市传染病医院)收治的肺结核患者资料,并根据是否合并新型冠状病毒感染进行分组:单纯肺结核患者为TB组,共计111例,肺结核合并新型冠状病毒感染者为TB-COVID组,共计1649例。2组研究对象根据年龄分别划分为≤20、21~40、41~60、>60(岁)4个亚组。

    诊断标准:TB的诊断符合《WS288~2017 肺结核诊断》[12],COVID-19的诊断符合《新型冠状病毒感染诊疗方案(试行第十版)》[13]。纳入标准:(1)符合上述TB、COVID-19诊断标准的患者;(2)实验室检查资料完整。排除标准:(1)确诊其他导致免疫功能改变的疾病(如系统性红斑狼疮、风湿免疫病、肿瘤等);(2)正在接受免疫调节治疗(激素、免疫抑制剂等)的患者。

    检测研究对象入院时CD16+CD56+、CD19+、CD3+T、CD4+T、CD8+T、CD4+/CD8+、CD4+CD8+双阳性、CD4-CD8-双阴性、NK细胞、淋巴细胞等绝对数、IL-10、12p70、IL-17、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-8、IFN-α、IFN-γ、TFN-α共22项。以上指标均由迈瑞bricyte E6流式细胞仪检测所得,淋巴细胞亚群分型用T/B/NK四色试剂盒,12项细胞因子检测用多重微球流式免疫荧光发光法。

    采用SPSS 26.0统计学软件进行数据分析。计量资料中符合正态分布以均数±标准差($\bar x \pm s $)表示,用t检验进行组间比较;不符合正态分布以中位数和四分位数 [MP25,P75)]表示,用Mann Whitney检验比较。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

    较单纯TB感染组,TB-COVID组年龄更大(P < 0.05),TB-COVID组男性占比多于TB组(P < 0.05),见表1

    表  1  TB-COVID组和TB组流行病学比较[M(P25,P75)]
    Table  1.  Epidemiological comparison between TB-COVID and TB [M(P25,P75)]
    检验指标TB-COVIDTBZP
    年龄(岁) 49 (31,62 ) 44 (29,57 ) −2.117 0.034*
    性别(男∶女) 111(70∶41) 1649(880∶769) 2.871 0.047*
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    将2组患者进行PSM分析 ,降低组间混杂因素 ,排除2组间年龄、性别、基础疾病差异后,每组各111例样本,比较实验室指标,结果TB-COVID组CD19+、CD3+、CD4+、lymphocyte和IL-8低于TB组,IL-10、IL-17和IL-6高于TB组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见表2图1;CD16+CD56+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、CD4+CD8+、CD4-CD8-、NK、IL-12p70、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IFN-α、IFN-γ和TFN-α共13项指标组间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),见表2

    表  2  TB-COVID组和TB组实验室指标分析[M(P25,P75)]
    Table  2.  Analysis of laboratory indicators in TB-COVID and TB [M(P25,P75)]
    检验指标TB-COVIDTBZP
    CD16+CD56+(个/μL) 191(148,285) 169(109,262) 1.048 0.298
    CD19+(个/μL) 109(43,209) 171(104.5,270) −4.417 <0.001*
    CD3+(个/μL) 830(584,1131) 1005(737.5,1317) −3.206 0.043*
    CD4+(个/μL) 437(322,631) 567(405.5,765) −3.516 0.006*
    CD8+(个/μL) 350(223,490) 381(268,538.5) −3.044 0.469
    CD4+/CD8+(个/μL) 1.46(0.99,2.04) 1.47(1.12,1.905) −1.507 0.057
    CD4+CD8+(个/μL) 12(8,22) 16(11,25) −2.681 0.086
    CD4-CD8(个/μL) 40(22,68) 43(24,71) −1.406 0.096
    NK(个/μL) 50(26,75) 61(38,97.5) −2.761 0.074
    lymphocyte(个/μL) 1210.0(893.0,1597.0) 1400.0(1063.5,1827.5) −2.913 0.042*
    IL-10(pg/mL) 2.97(2.42,5.37) 2.71(2.45,3.115) 3.573 0.007*
    IL-12p70(pg/mL) 2.59(2.24,3.14) 2.41(2.23,2.67) 2.435 0.052
    IL-17(pg/mL) 5.72(1.36,11.47) 2.36(1.45,9.39) 2.465 0.021*
    IL-1β(pg/mL) 2.90(1.94,6.10) 4.30(2.11,8.78) −1.542 0.308
    IL-2(pg/mL) 2.50(2.10,3.09) 2.49(2.22,2.91) 0.389 0.436
    IL-4(pg/mL) 2.40(1.74,2.62) 2.14(1.86,2.515) 0.601 0.834
    IL-6(pg/mL) 9.73(3.11,18.85) 3.72(2.83,6.02) 3.665 0.001*
    IL-8(pg/mL) 1.31(0.87,3.69) 1.32(1.11,4.665) −1.653 0.034*
    IFN-α(pg/mL) 2.50(2.21,3.14) 2.64(2.35,3.00) −0.475 0.531
    IFN-γ(pg/mL) 3.36(2.29,7.88) 4.00(2.83,7.84) −0.007 0.591
    TFN-α(pg/mL) 2.48(1.47,2.93) 2.19(1.52,3.23) 1.048 0.338
      *P < 0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    图  1  TB-COVID和TB组间有统计学意义的差异指标
    A:淋巴细胞差异;B:细胞因子差异。
    Figure  1.  Statistically significance between TB-COVID and TB

    根据年龄段将研究对象划分为≤20、21~40、41~60、>60(岁)4个亚组,比较TB-COVID和TB各个亚组研究对象细胞因子表达水平的平均值,IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-8、TFN-α、IL-12p70表现为TB-COVID组21~40岁阶段急剧攀升远超TB组,并随年龄增长逐渐回落,见图2

    图  2  不同年龄段人群中的细胞因子水平比较
    A: IFN-γ ;B: IL-1β;C: IL-2;D:IL-4;E: IL-5;F: IL-6;G: IL-8;H: IL-10;I: IL-12p70;J: IL-17;K: IFN-α;L:TFN-α。
    Figure  2.  Comparison of cytokines in different age groups

    TB的免疫机制复杂,感染结合分枝杆菌后人体免疫系统被激活,其中T细胞介导的细胞免疫是最为重要的免疫方式, T细胞水平会随着病情的加重而降低[14-15],新冠病毒可以快速激活致病性Th1细胞以分泌促炎因子,如粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF),细胞因子环境诱导高表达IL-14的CD16+单核细胞并加速炎症,同时,激活的单核细胞产生大量IL-6、TNF-α和其他细胞因子,这些细胞因子的短时内高表达是COVID-19的特征之一[16],已发现COVID-19和TB发生的免疫应答失调交叉影响,这表明合并感染带来的双重风险会加重COVID-19的恶化程度,同时COVID-19感染诱发的超炎症环境也可能会加速TB的进展[14],重症COVID-19的特征是淋巴细胞减少,加之免疫抑制药物的使用,或导致机体对MTB特异性抗原的免疫反应降低,这也解释了此次研究中TB-COVID组CD19+、CD3+、CD4+、lymphocyte均显著低于TB组(P < 0.05)的原因,南非的一项研究显示[17],COVID-19患者外周血中TB特异性CD19+B细胞显著降低,这与本次研究结果一致,认为TB患者淋巴细胞减少会降低机体对COVID-19的免疫反应,也降低了特异性CD4+T细胞的多功能潜力,在潜伏性结核分枝杆菌感染者中,COVID-19引起的严重淋巴细胞减少和类固醇治疗可能由于细胞免疫的短暂抑制而使患者进展为活动性结核病或通过减少靶向结核分枝杆菌的记忆T细胞池增加进行性原发性结核感染的风险。COVID-19感染除了会损害适应性免疫系统中的CD4+T淋巴细胞外,对CD19+淋巴细胞的损伤也不容忽视,学者对早期COVID-19感染后幸存者进行免疫组库测序,显示T细胞和B细胞表达和功能异常,T细胞受体/B细胞受体克隆增多,多样性降低,类转换重组异常,CD19+淋巴细胞数量减少,对病毒的易感性高[17],与本研究中CD19+的结果一致。

    细胞因子风暴,是抗炎和促炎的平衡紊乱引起机体免疫调控失衡,涉及始动、免疫细胞的活化及器官功能障碍等多个阶段,目前已被报道可能参与COVID-19细胞因子风暴的细胞因子以及下游信号通路包括IL-6/JAK/STAT、IFN-γ/JAK/STAT、TNFα/NF-κB、IL-1β/NLRP3、IL-2/IL-2R/JAK/STAT5、IL-7/IL-7R、IL-10、IL-17、IL-12以及GM-CSF通路[18-19], IL-6通过血小板膜糖蛋白6(gp6)与可溶性sIL-130受体结合形成IL-6-sIL-6R复合物,可激活非免疫细胞中的信号传导及转录激活蛋白(STAT3),核因子κB(NF-κB)和STAT3都能够激活IL-6放大器以诱导各种促炎细胞因子和趋化因子,包括血管内皮生长因子、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、IL-8和IL-6[20]。IL-6不仅与sIL-6R结合以参与顺式信号传导,而且还可以通过gp6与膜结合的IL-6受体(mIL-130R)结合以在反式信号传导中起作用,后者可导致获得性免疫途径受损和先天免疫不受控制等多效性作用,导致细胞因子风暴[21],此次研究中,IL-10、IL-17和IL-6在TB-COVID组中高表达,认为与COVID-19感染导致的细胞因子风暴密不可分。有学者提出,青少年结核高发的情况下,不该忽视宿主年龄对TB和COVID-19免疫反应的影响,以期得到有关2种感染间相互作用的更直观可靠数据[22],对此,笔者将研究对象按年龄分组进行比较后,原本组间差距不显著的IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、TFN-α均在21~40岁时表现出TB-COVID组远超TB组,并随年龄增长逐渐回落,认为与该年龄段人群自身免疫功能较强导致炎症发生后机体内即刻反应并激活这部分细胞因子参与抗炎有密不可分的关系,而不能因全TB-COVID组人群中未与TB组拉开差距而忽视其作用。

    此次研究为回顾性分析,数据的完整性和同质性尚有不足。今后的研究中,团队会对TB及COVID-19感染者的病程等因素进行分层分析,评估COVID-19与TB之间的相互作用,进一步明确TB合并COVID-19患者体内免疫指标的变化,通过特异性或非特异性的策略及时有效地靶向不同的细胞因子通路,协助临床制定更合理的策略以加强痨病防治。

  • [1] Hikiji H,Takato T,Shimizu T,et al. The roles of prostanoids,leukotrienes,and platelet-activating factor in bone metabolism and disease[J]. Prog Lipid Res,2008,47(2):107-126. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2007.12.003
    [2] Raisz L G,Alander C B,Fall P M,et al. Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha on bone formation and resorption incultured neonatal mouse calvariae:Role of prostaglandin E2 production[J]. Endocrinology,1990,126(2):1076-1079. doi: 10.1210/endo-126-2-1076
    [3] Tian X Y,Zhang Q,Zhao R,et al. Continuous infusion of PGE2 is catabolic with a negative bone balance on both cancellous and cortical bone in rats[J]. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact,2007,7(4):372-381.
    [4] Deo V,Bhongade M L. Pathogenesis of periodontitis:Role of cytokines in host response[J]. Dent Today,2010,29(9):60-69.
    [5] Park J Y,Pillinger M H,Abramson S B. Prostaglandin E2 synthesis and secretion:The role of PGE2 synthases[J]. Clin Immunol,2006,119(3):229-240. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.01.016
    [6] Oksuz E,Atalar F,Tanırverdi G,et al. Therapeutic potential of cyclooxygenase-3 inhibitors in the management of glioblastoma[J]. J Neurooncol,2016,126(2):271-278. doi: 10.1007/s11060-015-1976-x
    [7] Hassan L,Pinon A,Limami Y,et al. Resistance to ursolic acid-induced apoptosis through involvement of melanogenesis and COX-2/PGE2 pathways in human M4Beu melanoma cancer cells[J]. Exp Cell Res,2016,345(1):60-69. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.05.023
    [8] Paulissen S M,Van Hamburg J P,Davelaar N,et al. Synovial fibroblasts directly induce Th17 pathogenicity via the cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2 pathway,independent of IL-23[J]. J Immunol,2013,191(3):1364-1372. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300274
    [9] Park G J,Kim Y S,Kang K L,et al. Effects of sirtuin 1 activation on nicotine and lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokine production in human gingival fibroblasts[J]. J Periodontal Res,2013,48(4):483-492. doi: 10.1111/jre.12030
    [10] Chang M C,Chen Y J,Chang H H,et al. Areca nut components affect COX-2,cyclin B1/cdc25C and keratin expression,PGE2 production in keratinocyte is related to reactive oxygen species,CYP1A1,Src,Egfr and Ras signaling[J]. PLoS One,2014,9(7):e101959. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101959
    [11] Engen S A,Schreurs O,Petersen F,et al. The regulatory role of the oral commensal streptococcus mitis on human monocytes[J]. Scand J Immunol,2018,87(2):80-87. doi: 10.1111/sji.12636
    [12] Engen S A,Rørvik G H,Schreurs O,et al. The oral commensal streptococcus mitis activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in human oral epithelial cells[J]. Int J Oral Sci,2017,9(3):145-150. doi: 10.1038/ijos.2017.17
    [13] Wang Y,Ren B,Zhou X,et al. Growth and adherence of staphylococcus aureus were enhanced through the PGE2 produced by the activated COX-2/PGE2 pathway of infected oral epithelial cells[J]. PLoS One,2017,12(5):e0177166. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177166
    [14] Fang S Deng Y Gu P,et al. MicroRNAs regulate bone development and regeneration[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2015,16(4):8227-8253.
    [15] Alander C B,Raisz L G. Effects of selective prostaglandins E2 receptor agonists on cultured calvarial murine osteoblastic cells[J]. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat,2006,81(3-4):178-183. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.09.005
    [16] Akhter M P,Cullen D M,Pan L C. Bone biomechanical properties in EP4 knockout mice[J]. Calcif Tissue Int,2006,78(6):357-362. doi: 10.1007/s00223-005-0186-5
    [17] Akhter M P,Cullen D M,Gong G,et al. Bone biomechanical properties in prostaglandin EP1 and EP2 knockout mice[J]. Bone,2001,29(2):121-125. doi: 10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00486-0
    [18] Yoshida K,Oida H,Kobayashi T,et al. Stimulation of bone formation and prevention of bone loss by prostaglandin E EP4 receptor activation[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2002,99(7):4580-4585. doi: 10.1073/pnas.062053399
    [19] Li M,Ke H Z,Qi H,et al. A novel,non-prostanoid EP2 receptor-selective prostaglandin E2 agonist stimulates local bone formation and enhances fracture healing[J]. J Bone Miner Res,2003,18(11):2033-2042. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.11.2033
    [20] Choudhary S,Wadhwa S,Raisz L G,et al. Extracellular calcium is a potent inducer of cyclo-oxygenase-2 in murine osteoblasts through an ERK signaling pathway[J]. J Bone Miner Res,2003,18(10):1813-1824. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.10.1813
    [21] Arikawa T,Omura K,Morita I. Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression by endogenous prostaglandin E2 in human mesenchymal stem cells[J]. J Cell Physiol,2004,200(3):400-406. doi: 10.1002/jcp.20031
    [22] Hakeda Y,Nakatani Y,Kurihara N,et al. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates collagen and non-collagen protein synthesis and prolyl hydroxylase activity in osteoblastic clone MC3T3-E1 cells[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1985,126(1):340-345. doi: 10.1016/0006-291X(85)90611-4
    [23] Tang C H,Yang R S,Fu W M. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates fibronectin expression through EP1 receptor,phospholipase C,protein kinase Ca,and c-Src pathway in primary cultured rat osteoblasts[J]. J Biol Chem,2005,280(24):22907-22916. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M500130200
    [24] Samoto H,Shimizu E,Matsuda-Honjyo Y,et al. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates bone sialoprotein(BSP)expression through cAMP and fibroblast growth factor 2 response elements in the proximal promoter of the rat BSP gene[J]. J Biol Chem,2003,278(31):28659-28667. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M300671200
    [25] Chyun Y S,Raisz L G. Stimulation of bone formation by prostaglandin E2[J]. Prostaglandins,1984,27(1):97-103. doi: 10.1016/0090-6980(84)90223-5
    [26] Kaneki H,Takasugi I,Fujieda M,et al. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates the formation of mineralized bone nodules by a cAMP-independent mechanism in the culture of adult rat calvarialosteoblasts[J]. J Cell Biochem,1999,73(1):36-48. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19990401)73:1<36::AID-JCB5>3.0.CO;2-F
    [27] Fujimori A,Tsutsumi M,Fukase M,et al. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors enhance cell growth in an osteoblastic cell line,MC3T3-E1[J]. J Bone Miner Res,1989,4(5):697-704.
    [28] Pilbeam C C,Raisz L G,Voznesensky O,et al. Autoregulation of inducible prostaglandin G/H synthase in osteoblastic cells by prostaglandins[J]. J Bone Miner Res,1995,10(3):406-414.
    [29] Suda M,Tanaka K,Natsui K,et al. Prostaglandin E receptor subtypes in mouse osteoblastic cell line[J]. Endocrinology,1996,137(5):1698-1705. doi: 10.1210/endo.137.5.8612504
    [30] Xu Z,Choudhary S,Okada Y,et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 gene disruption promotes proliferation of murine calvarial osteoblasts in vitro[J]. Bone,2007,41(1):68-76. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.03.009
    [31] Niu J C,Ma N,Liu W,et al. EP1 receptor is involved in prostaglandin E2-induced osteosarcoma growth[J]. Bosn J Basic Med Sci,2019,19(3):265-273.
    [32] Kim J H,Kim N. Regulation of NFATc1 in osteoclast differentiation[J]. J Bone Metab,2014,21(4):233-241. doi: 10.11005/jbm.2014.21.4.233
    [33] Wani M R,Fuller K,Kim N S,et al. Prostaglandin E2 cooperates with TRANCE in osteoclast induction from hemopoietic precursors:Synergistic activation of differentiation,cell spreading,and fusion[J]. Endocrinology,1999,140(4):1927-1935. doi: 10.1210/endo.140.4.6647
    [34] Lader C S,Flanagan A M. Prostaglandin E2,interleukin 1a,and tumor necrosis factor-a increase human osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro[J]. Endocrinology,1998,139(7):3157-3164. doi: 10.1210/endo.139.7.6085
    [35] Chenu C,Kurihara N,Mundy G R,et al. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits formation of osteoclastlike cells in long-term human marrow cultures but is not a mediator of the inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor beta[J]. J Bone Miner Res,1990,5(7):677-681.
    [36] Kobayashi Y,Mizoguchi T,Take I,et al. Prostaglandin E2 enhances osteoclastic differentiation of precursor cells through protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of TAK1[J]. J Biol Chem,2005,280(12):11395-11403. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M411189200
    [37] Fan F,Shi P,Liu M,et al. Lactoferrin preserves bone homeostasis by regulating the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway of osteoimmunology[J]. Food Funct,2018,9(5):2653-2660.
    [38] Li X,Okada Y,Pilbeam C C,et al. Knockout of the murine prostaglandin EP2 receptor impairs osteoclastogenesis in vitro[J]. Endocrinology,2000,141(6):2054-2061. doi: 10.1210/endo.141.6.7518
    [39] Kwan Tat S,Padrines M,Theoleyre S,et al. IL-6,Rankl,TNF-alpha/IL-1:Interrelations in bone resorption pathophysiology[J]. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev,2004,15(1):49-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2003.10.005
    [40] Millet I,McCarthy TL,Vignery A. Regulation of interleukin-6 production by prostaglandin E2 in fetal rat osteoblasts:Role of protein kinase a signaling pathway[J]. J Bone Miner Res,1998,13(7):1092-1100. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.7.1092
    [41] Liu X H,Kirschenbaum A,Yao S,et al. Cross-talk between the interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 signaling systems results in enhancement of osteoclastogenesis through effects on the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(RANK)ligand/ RANK system[J]. Endocrinology,2005,146(4):1991-1998. doi: 10.1210/en.2004-1167
    [42] Suda K,Udagawa N,Sato N,et al. Suppression of osteoprotegerin expression by prostaglandin E2 is crucially involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation[J]. J Immunol,2004,172(4):2504-2510. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.4.2504
    [43] Sato K,Takayanagi H. Osteoclasts,rheumatoid arthritis,and osteoimmunology[J]. Curr Opin Rheumatol,2006,18(4):419-426. doi: 10.1097/01.bor.0000231912.24740.a5
    [44] Martel-Pelletier J,Pelletier JP,Fahmi H. Cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandins in articular tissues[J]. Semin Arthritis Rheum,2003,33(3):155-167. doi: 10.1016/S0049-0172(03)00134-3
    [45] Kotake S,Udagawa N,Takahashi N,et al. IL-17 in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a potent stimulator of osteoclastogenesis[J]. J Clin Invest,1999,103(9):1345-1352. doi: 10.1172/JCI5703
    [46] Kojima F,Naraba H,Sasaki Y,et al. Coexpression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase with cyclooxygenase-2 in human rheumatoid synovial cells[J]. J Rheumatol,2002,29(9):1836-1842.
    [47] Korotkova M,Westman M,Gheorghe K R,et al. Effects of antirheumatic treatments on the prostaglandin E2 biosynthetic pathway[J]. Arthritis Rheum,200,52(11):3439-3447.
    [48] Suzawa T,Miyaura C,Inada M,et al. The role of prostaglandin E receptor subtypes(EP1,EP2,EP3,and EP4)in bone resorption:An analysis using specific agonists for the respective EPs[J]. Endocrinology,2000,141(4):1554-1559. doi: 10.1210/endo.141.4.7405
    [49] Zhou L L,Zhu Y M,Qian F Y,et al. MicroRNA1433p contributes to the regulation of pain responses in collageninduced arthritis[J]. Mol Med Rep,2018,18(3):3219-3228.
    [50] Fan P,He L,Hu N,et al. Effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines through regulating microRNA-22 in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Cell Physiol Biochem,2017,42(1):145-155. doi: 10.1159/000477123
    [51] Ghosh P,Smith M. Osteoarthritis,genetic and molecular mechanisms[J]. Biogerontology,2002,3(1-2):85-88.
    [52] Smith M D,Triantafillou S,Parker A,et al. Synovial membrane inflammation and cytokine production in patients with early osteoarthritis[J]. J Rheumatol,1997,24(2):365-371.
    [53] Inoue H,Takamori M,Shimoyama Y,et al. Regulation by PGE2 of the production of interleukin-6,macrophage colony stimulating factor,and vascular endothelial growth factor in human synovial fibroblasts[J]. Br J Pharmacol,2002,136(2):287-295. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704705
    [54] Hilal G,Massicotte F,Martel-Pelletier J,et al. Endogenous prostaglandin E2 and insulin-like growth factor 1 can modulate the levels of parathyroid hormone receptor in human osteoarthritic osteoblasts[J]. J Bone Miner Res,2001,16(4):713-721. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.4.713
    [55] Blanco F J,Guitian R,Vázquez-Martul E,et al. Osteoarthritis chondrocytes die by apoptosis. A possible pathway for osteoarthritis pathology[J]. Arthritis Rheum,1998,41(2):284-289. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(199802)41:2<284::AID-ART12>3.0.CO;2-T
    [56] Park S J,Cheon E J,Kim H A. MicroRNA-558 regulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-1β-induced catabolic effects in human articular chondrocytes[J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2013,21(7):981-989. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.04.012
    [57] Rasheed Z,Rasheed N,Al-Shobaili H A. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate up-regulates microRNA-199a-3p expression by down-regulating the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in stimulated human osteoarthritis chondrocytes[J]. J Cell Mol Med,2016,20(12):2241-2248. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12897
    [58] Akhtar N,Haqqi T M. MicroRNA-199a* regulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human chondrocytes[J]. Ann Rheum Dis,2012,71(6):1073-1080. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200519
    [59] Costa F O,Guimaraes A N,Cota L O,et al. Impact of different periodontitis case definitions on periodontal research[J]. J Oral Sci,2009,51(2):199-206. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.51.199
    [60] Meyle J,Chapple I. Molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of periodontitis[J]. Periodontol 2000,2015,69(1):7-17.
    [61] Ohm K,Albers H K,Lisboa B P. Measurement of eight prostaglandins in human gingival and periodontal disease using high pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay[J]. J Periodontal Res,1984,19(5):501-511. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1984.tb01305.x
    [62] Ishimi Y,Miyaura C,Jin C H,et al. IL-6 is produced by osteoblasts and induces bone resorption[J]. J Immunol,1990,145(10):3297-3303.
    [63] Devlin R D,Reddy S V,Savino R,et al. IL-6 mediates the effects of IL-1 or TNF,but not PTHrP or 1,25(OH)2D3,on osteoclast-like cell formation in normal human bone marrow cultures[J]. J Bone Miner Res,1998,13(3):393-399. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.3.393
    [64] Kozawa O,Suzuki A,Tokuda H,et al. Interleukin-6 synthesis induced by prostaglandin E2:Cross-talk regulation by protein kinase C[J]. Bone,1998,22(4):355-360. doi: 10.1016/S8756-3282(97)00293-7
    [65] Udagawa N,Takahashi N,Katagiri T,et al. Interleukin(IL)-6 induction of osteoclast differentiation depends on IL-6 receptors expressed on osteoblastic cells but not on osteoclast progenitors[J]. J Exp Med,1995,182(5):1461-1468. doi: 10.1084/jem.182.5.1461
    [66] Palmqvist P,Persson E,Conaway H H,et al. IL-6,leukemia inhibitory factor,and oncostatin M stimulate bone resorption and regulate the expression of receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand,osteoprotegerin,and receptor activator of NF-kappa B in mouse calvariae[J]. J Immunol,2002,169(6):3353-3362. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.6.3353
    [67] Irwandi R A,Khonsuphap P,Limlawan P,et al. miR-302a-3p regulates RANKL expression in human mandibular osteoblast-like cells[J]. J Cell Biochem,2018,119(6):4372-4381. doi: 10.1002/jcb.26456
  • [1] 周静, 熊萍, 刘超峰, 陈丽琼, 张永辉, 史珂, 聂焱, 刘彦.  牙周膜干细胞BMP-2-PSH复合膜修复新西兰兔牙槽骨缺损, 昆明医科大学学报. doi: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20210503
    [2] 王礴, 夏咸松, 李进涛, 段小花.  细胞色素P450 2E1在甘草甜素治疗非酒精性脂肪肝病中的作用, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [3] 王洪.  前列腺素E2对COPD合并肺癌的致病机理, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [4] 许琰.  活性氧与骨稳态的维持, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [5] 毛文文.  血浆护骨素水平与内皮祖细胞在老年2型糖尿病患者血管病变中的关系探讨, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [6] 倪滔.  改良贴壁组织块法与改良I型胶原酶消法对成骨细胞增殖效果的比较研究, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [7] 曹小波.  SD大鼠髁突软骨下骨成骨细胞的原代培养与鉴定, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [8] 杜明.  MMP-9表达在不同方法获得破骨细胞的比较研究, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [9] 刘世昌.  白藜芦醇对大鼠慢性阻塞性肺疾病的抗氧化作用及其机制, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [10] 苏红化.  神经多肽SP在骨组织代谢过程中的研究进展, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [11] 夏英杰.  SD大鼠髁状突颈部骨折对大鼠髁状突软骨细胞增殖与凋亡的影响, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [12] 邹智荣.  枫叶黄酮抑制脂多糖诱导破骨前体细胞Raw264.7细胞激活的作用, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [13] 潘淳.  诱导法与机械法体外培养破骨细胞的比较研究, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [14] 张小超.  老鹳草素对破骨细胞体外骨吸收功能的影响, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [15] 单侧髁突切除对非手术侧髁突软骨细胞增殖与凋亡的影响, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [16] 廖立凡.  单侧髁突切除对非手术侧髁突软骨细胞凋亡的影响, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [17] 单侧髁突切除对非手术侧髁突软骨细胞凋亡的影响, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [18] 王福科.  纤维粘连蛋白对部分脱蛋白骨细胞相容性影响研究, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [19] 王伟.  骨关节炎患者软骨细胞的体外培养技术, 昆明医科大学学报.
    [20] 李卫国.  骨膜成骨细胞培养活体自体、异体和异种移植成骨的实验研究, 昆明医科大学学报.
  • 加载中
计量
  • 文章访问数:  2772
  • HTML全文浏览量:  2889
  • PDF下载量:  46
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-06-14
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-09-13
  • 刊出日期:  2021-09-30

目录

/

返回文章
返回