The Effect of Femoral Nerve Block and Oral Analgesia Guided by B-ultrasound on Preoperative Analgesia of Middle and Upper Femoral Fractures in Elderly Patients
-
摘要:
目的 探讨对比B超引导下股神经阻滞镇痛(femoral nerve block,FNB)和口服镇痛在老年股骨中上段骨折术前镇痛中的应用效果。 方法 选取昆明市第二人民医院2018年4月至2020年11月确诊并治疗的84例股骨骨折(femoral fractures,FF)老年患者,所有患者骨折位置均为中上段骨折,采取随机数字表法进行分组,对照组应用口服镇痛,研究组应用B超引导下FNB。使用视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分评估2组镇痛前、镇痛72 h后的效果指标:主动活动VAS(AVAS)评分、被动活动VAS(PVAS)评分、静息VAS(RVAS)评分水平差异;2组经静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)总按压及有效按压次数。数据采集时间段:开始镇痛后72 h;2组的不良反应。 结果 镇痛前,2组患者AVAS评分、PVAS评分、RVAS评分无统计学差异(P > 0.05);镇痛72 h后,研究组AVAS评分、PVAS评分、RVAS评分水平均低于对照组具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);研究组按压PCIA总次数及有效次数均低于对照组具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);研究组不良反应低于对照组具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 给予FF患者在术前镇痛时应用B超引导下FNB,可更为有效缓解患者的疼痛感,镇痛效果理想,且不良反应较低。 Abstract:Objective To investigate and compare the application effect of B-ultrasono-guided femoral nerve block (FNB) and the oral analgesia in preoperative analgesia of middle and upper femoral fractures in the elderly. Methods We selected 84 elderly patients with femoral fractures (FF) diagnosed and treated in Kunming Second People’ s Hospital from April 2018 to November 2020. All patients had middle and upper segment fractures. We divided the group by random number table. The control group was treated with oral analgesia and the study group was treated with FNB guided by B-ultrasound. We used visual analogue pain score (VAS) to evaluate the effect indexes of the two groups before and 72 hours after analgesia: the difference of active activity VAS (AVAs) score, passive activity VAS (PVAs) score and tranqillization VAS (RVAS) score; Total compression and effective compression times of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in the two groups. Data collection period: 72 hours after the beginning of analgesia; Adverse reactions in the two groups. Results Before analgesia, there were no significant differences in AVAS score, PVAS score and RVAS score between 2 groups (P > 0.05). After 72 hours of the analgesia, AVAS score, PVAS score and RVAS score in the study group were lower than those in the control group, with the statistical significance (P < 0.05). The total and effective times of pressing PCIA in the study group were lower than those in the control group with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The adverse reactions in the study group were lower than those in the control group, with the statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion The application of FNB guided by B-ultrasound in the preoperative analgesia for FF patients can more effectively relieve the pain feeling of patients, with ideal analgesic effect and low adverse reactions. -
Key words:
- B-ultrasound guidance /
- Femoral nerve block analgesia /
- Oral analgesia /
- Adverse reactions /
- The effect
-
表 1 2组一般资料对比(
$\bar x \pm s $ )Table 1. Comparison of general data between the two groups (
$\bar x \pm s $ )组别 例数 平均年龄(岁) 平均骨折至就诊时间(d) 致伤原因(n) 摔倒 车祸 对照组 42 75.2 ± 2.3 1.1 ± 0.2 26 16 研究组 42 75.4 ± 2.2 1.0 ± 0.1 24 18 t/χ2 - 1.262 0.638 1.746 2.461 P - > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 表 2 2组AVAS评分、PVAS评分、RVAS评分水平比较(
$\bar x \pm s$ ,分)Table 2. Comparison of AVAS score,PVAS score and RVAS score level between the two groups (
$\bar x \pm s$ ,points)区分 对照组(n = 42) 研究组(n = 42) t P AVAS评分 镇痛前 5.6 ± 1.1 5.5 ± 1.0 0.162 0.152 镇痛72 h 4.7 ± 0.6 4.0 ± 0.3 16.748 0.017* 组内对比 t 16.745 19.347 - - P 0.024* 0.017* - - PVAS评分 镇痛前 6.1 ± 0.9 6.0 ± 0.6 1.754 2.624 镇痛72 h 4.3 ± 0.8 2.7 ± 0.6 19.402 0.031* 组内对比 t 19.624 15.036 - - P 0.018* 0.025* - - RVAS评分 镇痛前 4.4 ± 1.2 4.5 ± 1.1 2.021 1.882 镇痛72 h 3.1 ± 0.7 1.5 ± 0.3 18.074 0.022* 组内对比 t 21.031 18.743 - - P 0.021* 0.012* - - *P < 0.05。 表 3 2组患者PCIA总按压及有效按压次数比较(
$\bar x \pm s$ ,次)Table 3. Comparison of total PCIA compressions and effective PCIA compressions between the two groups (
$\bar x \pm s$ ,times)组别 n 总按压 有效按压 对照组 42 26.3 ± 3.7 16.7 ± 2.7 研究组 42 19.2 ± 2.1 10.1 ± 2.0 t - 19.462 18.002 P - 0.014* 0.027* *P < 0.05。 表 4 2组患者不良反应比较[n(%)]
Table 4. Comparison of adverse reactions in 2 groups [n(%))]
组别 n 低氧 呕吐 恶心 尿潴留 发生率 对照组 42 2(4.8) 3(7.1) 4(9.5) 1(2.4) 10(23.8) 研究组 42 0(0.0) 1(2.4) 1(2.4) 0(0.0) 2(4.8) χ2 - - - - - 6.594 P - - - - - 0.033* *P < 0.05。 -
[1] 陈娟. 超声引导下腘窝上和大转子下外侧入路坐骨神经阻滞应用于老年全膝关节置换术后镇痛的效果比较[J]. 蚌埠医学院学报,2020,45(9):1180-1183. [2] 刘远辉,邱柳基,林晓峰,等. 股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞与自控静脉镇痛用于膝关节置换的效果观察[J]. 河北医科大学学报,2020,41(1):85-88,93. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2020.01.020 [3] 张博,刘丹彦. 神经阻滞麻醉在胸腔镜术后镇痛中的应用现状[J]. 现代临床医学,2017,43(3):169-171. doi: 10.11851/j.issn.1673-1557.2017.03.003 [4] Topal F E,Bilgin S,Yamanoglu A,et al. The feasibility of the ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block procedure with low-dose local anesthetic in intracapsular and extracapsular hip fractures[J]. The Journal of Emergency Medicine,2020,58(4):553-561. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.12.033 [5] 单国法,夏焱志,郭明仁,等. “领结征”髂筋膜间隙阻滞联合闭孔神经阻滞在老年髋部骨折患者早期镇痛中的临床应用[J]. 现代医学,2019,47(7):812-815. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7562.2019.07.012 [6] 张明东,王士雷. 超声引导前路坐骨、股神经阻滞在腰椎疾病下肢手术的应用研究[J]. 医学信息,2018,31(2):101-102. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.02.035 [7] 崔明珠,曹颖莉,苏靖心. 髋关节囊周围神经阻滞在老年髋关节骨折患者早期镇痛中的应用[J]. 国际麻醉学与复苏杂志,2020,41(7):659-662. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn321761-20200323-00072 [8] Yu Y,Gao S,Yuen M Y,et al. The analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP)block combined with oral multimodal analgesia in comparison with oral multimodal analgesia after caesarean delivery:A randomized controlled trial[J]. BMC Anesthesiology,2021,21(1):1-7. doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-01225-1 [9] 庞佳宁,刘劲松,李溪,等. TKA术后连续股神经阻滞早期镇痛疗效[J]. 昆明医科大学学报,2016,37(11):64-69. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4706.2016.11.015 [10] Nagel E M,Gantioque R,Taira T. Utilizing ultrasound-guided femoral nerve blocks and fascia iliaca compartment blocks for proximal femur fractures in the emergency department[J]. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal,2019,41(2):135-144. doi: 10.1097/TME.0000000000000242 [11] 张灿华,钱金桥. 超声引导下外周神经阻滞麻醉对老年人下肢骨科术后功能恢复的影响[J]. 昆明医科大学学报,2017,38(2):54-57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4706.2017.02.012 [12] 祝义军,殷勇,贺广宝,等. 超声引导下不同置管长度连续股神经阻滞对老年患者膝关节周围骨折术后的镇痛效果[J]. 海南医学,2019,30(4):482-486. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2019.04.021 [13] 武秀梅,李元海. 股神经-坐骨神经阻滞在全麻下高龄病人全膝置换术中的应用效果观察[J]. 蚌埠医学院学报,2019,44(8):1024-1026. [14] 先见. B超引导下神经阻滞在临床麻醉中的应用效果观察[J]. 中国继续医学教育,2018,10(24):48-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9308.2018.24.025 [15] 白家星. 超声引导下股神经阻滞对老年膝关节置换术患者应激反应及镇痛效果的影响[J]. 淮海医药,2019,37(5):516-518. [16] 徐珊,陈晓丽. 老年全膝关节置换术后不同镇痛方案效果 阿片类药物使用量及首次康复训练时间比较[J]. 中国药物与临床,2019,19(4):613-616. [17] 苏丽明. 超声引导下股神经阻滞在全膝置换术后患者镇痛中的应用[J]. 医疗装备,2017,30(21):2-3. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2376.2017.21.002 [18] 漆启荣,黄彦,李娜. 超声引导下股神经阻滞对行股骨手术患者术后镇痛的影响[J]. 临床医学工程,2020,27(6):689-690. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4659.2020.06.0689 [19] 王艳. 超声引导下连续收肌管阻滞在全膝关节置换术术后镇痛中的临床应用[J]. 中国伤残医学,2019,27(3):42-44. [20] Heredia F M,Escalona J M,GR Donetch,et al. Coileroded left ovarian vein presenting as chronic pelvic pain and genitofemoral nerve compression syndrome-science direct[J]. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology,2020,27(5):1008-1011. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.11.008 [21] 胡焱,蔡楠,刘雪冰,等. 超声引导无阻力法定位与神经刺激器引导定位连续颈椎旁阻滞用于术后镇痛的效果比较[J]. 中国医刊,2017,52(6):74-77. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-1070.2017.06.022 [22] 张建凯,陈琳,史宇平. 超声定位与周围神经刺激器引导下臂丛神经阻滞在疼痛治疗的临床效果[J]. 脑与神经疾病杂志,2019,27(7):435-437. [23] 温开兰,牟玲,杨孟昌,等. 股神经阻滞自控镇痛在全膝关节置换术后镇痛中的应用[J]. 昆明医科大学学报,2015,36(1):89-93. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4706.2015.01.022 [24] 王丽,赵石磊,西志梦,等. 超声引导下不同入路连续隐神经阻滞在膝关节镜术后镇痛效果中的比较[J]. 临床麻醉学杂志,2019,35(3):275-278. doi: 10.12089/jca.2019.03.015 [25] Romanenko A,Ю р й К у ч и н ,К а т е р и н а Б л к а,et al. Perioperative pain management in elderly patients with а proximal femoral fracture:Evidence review[J]. Pain Medicine,2020,4(4):42-49. doi: 10.31636/pmjua.v4i4.2 [26] 杨曙光,陶红,陈超,等. 超声引导髋关节囊周围神经阻滞在老年髋部骨折病人术前镇痛中的应用[J]. 骨科,2020,11(2):140-142. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8573.2020.02.009