Knowledge and Behavior of Antibiotics from the Perspective of One Heath among Senior University Students in Kunming
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摘要:
目的 One Heath视角下探讨昆明市接受过药学或药理学专业知识培训的医学及相关专业的高年级本科生抗生素多层次认知水平与使用行为。 方法 2020年2月至2021年3月采用分层整群抽样法,线上调查昆明市2所高校医学、动物医学、药学及非医药学专业的1658名高年级本科生抗生素认知及使用行为,分析抗生素不同层次认知、使用行为的关系及其影响因素。 结果 本科生抗生素基本知识、专业知识及超级细菌知识平均正确率范围分别为88.4%、88.7%、89.7%、81.1%;40.4%、38.3%、45.8%、36.4%;62.1%、63.2%、65.7%、55.0%。医学及药学学生的抗生素基本知识和专业知识水平高于非医药学学生;医学、药学学生的抗生素专业知识水平高于动物医学学生(P < 0.05)。医学、药学学生的抗生素合理使用行为得分高于动物医学及非医药学学生(P < 0.05)。Logistic 回归分析结果显示抗生素基本知识得分高,抗生素使用行为趋于更合理;动物医学、非医药学学生的抗生素使用行为不合理的风险约是医学生的1.7倍。 结论 已接受过药学或药理学专业课程教育的医药类高年级本科生的抗生素基本知识掌握尚好,但基于One Health角度的抗生素知识掌握不够全面;动物医学和非医药学学生对抗生素知识的掌握更次之;学生抗生素认知水平影响其抗生素的正确使用。 Abstract:Objective To explore the multi-level knowledge and behavior related antibiotics from the perspective of One Heath among senior undergraduates who have received pharmacology professional knowledge or training in Kunming. Methods From February, 2020 to March, 2021, a stratified cluster sampling survey was conducted among 1658 senior undergraduates majoring in medical, animal medical, pharmaceutical and non-medical sciences from two universities in Kunming. The association between knowledge and behavior of antibiotics in different levels and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results The average accuracy probabilities for basic, professional knowledge of antibiotics, and superbug knowledge among undergraduates were 88.4%, 88.7%, 89.7%, 81.1%; 40.4%, 38.3%, 45.8%, 36.4% and 62.1%, 63.2%, 65.7%, 55.0%, respectively. The basic knowledge and professional knowledge of antibiotics of medical, pharmaceutical and animal medical students were higher than those of non-medical students (P < 0.05). The professional knowledge level of antibiotics of medical and pharmaceutical students was higher than that of animal medical students (P < 0.05). The score of antibiotic behavior of medical and pharmaceutical students was higher than that of animal medical and non-medical students (P < 0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that senior undergraduates had the higher score of basic knowledge of antibiotics, and their behavior of antibiotic tended to be more reasonable; the probability of lower score of antibiotic behavior of animal medical and non-medical students was about 1.7 times higher than that of medical students (P < 0.01). Conclusion Senior undergraduates of medical and pharmaceutical have a great command of basic knowledge of antibiotics, but the knowledge of antibiotics based on One Health perspective is not comprehensive enough, the students of animal medical and non-medical have less knowledge of antibiotics, and the students’ antibiotic cognition level affects the correct use of antibiotics. -
Key words:
- One Heath /
- Antibiotics /
- Knowledge /
- Behavior
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表 1 不同专业学生抗生素知识正确率比较(%)
Table 1. Comparison of antibiotic knowledge accuracy among students of different majors (%)
项目 医学(n = 919) 动物医学(n = 352) 药学(n = 118) 非医药学(n = 269) 基本知识 抗生素就是消炎药*acdf 88.5 75.0 89.0 65.8 抗生素没有副作用 99.3 98.6 100.0 98.1 发烧就应该使用抗生素*c 99.1 97.2 100.0 96.3 普通感冒不需要抗生素治疗 91.2 89.2 93.2 88.1 患病时可根据病情自行服用抗生素*cf 88.1 85.2 90.7 80.3 过度使用抗生素可能增加致病菌的耐药性 95.3 92.0 92.4 95.2 使用抗生素越频繁,以后细菌感染就越难治好*e 87.9 90.6 90.7 82.5 抗生素价格越贵,治疗效果越好*acdf 94.5 86.6 98.3 87.4 抗生素剂量越大,治疗效果越好*f 96.8 95.5 100.0 93.7 出现感冒症状时及时使用抗生素好得更快*acdf 83.8 72.2 85.6 68.8 服用头孢类药物并喝酒,会加重副作用 95.1 95.5 96.6 92.9 抗生素不仅用于人类,还用于动物*ade 82.0 92.9 82.2 76.6 使用抗生素对人需要限制,但对动物不需要*c 96.8 97.4 98.3 93.7 抗生素耐药会对全球造成很大的危害*cef 90.8 91.2 95.8 82.9 吃注射过抗生素的肉类也可摄入抗生素*ade 45.0 77.0 44.1 34.6 抗生素耐药会带来不可治愈的感染*f 83.6 81.5 86.4 68.0 抗生素耐药可破坏生态环境*ef 84.9 91.8 82.2 73.2 基本知识总分[M(P25,P75)]*cef 15(14,16) 15(14,16) 16(15,16) 14(13,15) 专业知识 抗生素用于治疗感染的类型*bcdef 17.3 19.3 34.7 5.2 同时服用多种抗生素产生的效果*abef 60.0 71.3 72.0 59.5 抗生素的抗感染效果不佳的处理措施*c 91.9 90.6 94.9 86.2 何时停用抗生素*acdf 64.1 47.2 75.4 39.0 重症感染患者最常用的抗生素给药途径*acdf 50.8 49.7 63.6 46.1 轻症感染患者最常用的抗生素给药途径*c 7.3 10.8 10.2 17.8 中国抗生素使用指南*bdf 9.8 8.0 18.6 5.6 抗生素耐药产生的原因*f 31.8 30.1 20.3 37.5 抗生素耐药细菌在环境中的传播方式*ae 60.2 48.3 59.3 61.7 服用头孢类药物最严重的副作用*acdf 44.8 35.5 50.8 34.9 滥用抗生素的后果*d 6.3 10.5 3.4 6.7 专业知识总分[M(P25,P75)]*abfc 5(3,6) 5(3,6) 5(4,6) 4(3,5) 超级细菌知识 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)*acdef 76.4 62.8 77.1 44.2 耐多药肺炎链球菌(MDRSP)*cef 77.0 70.5 78.8 48.0 万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)*bf 35.8 40.6 50.0 30.5 肺炎克雷伯菌*acdf 22.6 39.2 21.2 32.3 多重耐药性结核杆菌(MDR-TB)*cef 78.0 74.4 78.0 50.2 多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(MRAB)*ac 77.0 67.0 76.3 52.0 携带有NDM-1基因的大肠埃希菌 48.5 53.7 47.5 36.1 超级细菌知识总分[M(P25,P75)] 4(3,5) 4(3,6) 5(4,6) 4(1,6) 4组间差异有统计学意义,*P < 0.05;组间两两比较中,a:医学与动物医学比较,b:医学与药学,c:医学与非医药学比较,d:动物医学与药学比较、e:动物医学与非医药学比较,f:药学与非医药学之间比较,差异有统计学意义,P < 0.05;超级细菌知识水平的评估仅在听说过超级细菌者中进行。 表 2 不同专业学生抗生素使用行为程度比较 [M(P25,P75)]
Table 2. Comparison of antibiotic use behavior among students of different majors [M(P25,P75)]
项目 医学(n = 919) 动物医学(n = 352) 药学(n = 118) 非医药学(n = 269) 需服用抗生素时,直接向医生提要求或到药店买药*a 3(2,4) 3(2,3) 3(2,4) 3(2,4) 在宿舍或家里备些抗生素,我生病时能及时用上*a 3(2,4) 3(2,4) 3(2,4) 3(2,4) 我使用抗生素的剂量基本比说明书上要求的小些*acdf 3(2,4) 3(2,4) 4(2,4) 2(2,4) 我使用抗生素的剂量基本比说明书上要求的大些*ac 4(4,4) 4(3,4) 4(4,4) 4(3,4) 患病时,我更愿意接受抗生素静脉滴注治疗*c 3(3,4) 3(2,4) 3(2,4) 3(2,4) 患病时,我更愿意用价格比较贵的抗生素*df 3(2,4) 3(2,4) 4(3,4) 3(2,4) 患病时,我习惯使用广谱抗生素*acdf 3(2,4) 3(2,4) 3(3,4) 3(2,4) 看到周围的人感冒时,自己提前服用抗生素予预防*cef 4(3,4) 4(3,4) 4(4,4) 4(3,4) 患病时,我先自行用药,再看医生 3(2,4) 3(2,4) 3(2,3) 3(1,4) 患病时,我不听从医生的治疗方案,向医生提要求 2(1,3) 2(1,3) 2(1,3) 2(1,3) 抗生素使用行为总分*adfc 30(26,33) 28(25,32) 31(27,34) 29(25,32) 注:“*、a 、b、c、d、e、f”符号表示意义与表1相同。 表 3 抗生素使用行为的 Logistic 回归分析
Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of antibiotic behavior
变量 β S.E. Wald P OR(95% CI) 抗生素基本知识得分 −0.085 0.031 7.573 0.006 0.919(0.865,0.976) 抗生素专业知识得分 −0.043 0.035 1.500 0.221 0.958(0.894,1.026) 超级细菌知识得分 −0.022 0.026 0.732 0.392 0.978(0.930,1.029) 专业(对照组:医学) 动物医学 0.559 0.132 17.866 0.000 1.749(1.350,2.267) 药学 −0.299 0.212 1.976 0.160 0.742(0.489,1.125) 非医药学 0.521 0.161 10.504 0.001 1.684(1.229,2.309) 性别(对照组:男) −0.117 0.110 1.135 0.287 0.889(0.717,1.103) -
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