Effects of Different Parts and Extraction Methods of Two Kinds of Lacquer Seeds in Nujiang on Fatty Acids of Lacquer Oil
-
摘要:
目的 研究云南怒江州漆树籽不同原料及提取方法所获得的漆油脂肪酸组成的差异。 方法 以黑、白2种漆籽为试验材料,通过选用不同部位和提取方法对油脂进行提取。采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对所获得油脂进行脂肪酸检测。 结果 以漆树籽果仁为原料经索氏提取得到的漆树籽仁油脂肪酸种类丰富,不饱和脂肪酸含量达70%以上,其中亚油酸含量高达60%左右,适宜作为食用油脂。以整个漆树籽为原料,分别通过传统压榨工艺和索氏提取得到的市售食用漆籽油和漆籽油,均以饱和脂肪为主,棕榈酸含量达60%~70%,且市售食用漆籽油由于包装和贮存不当,不饱和脂肪酸种类及含量减少,导致营养价值降低。白漆籽仁油油酸、亚油酸的含量比黑漆籽仁油高,而亚麻酸含量则是黑漆籽仁油较高(P < 0.05)。黑漆籽油中还含有约1%的棕榈一烯酸。 结论 漆油提取原料和压榨工艺的选择对所获得的油脂脂肪酸组成和营养价值有较大影响。 -
关键词:
- 漆树 /
- 漆油 /
- 气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS) /
- 脂肪酸
Abstract:Objective To study the difference of fatty acid composition of lacquer oil obtained from different raw materials and extraction methods of lacquer seed in Nujiang Prefecture of Yunnan Province. Methods Black and white lacquer seed were used as experimental materials to extract the oil by selecting different parts and extraction methods. The fatty acids in the obtained oil were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The results showed that there were abundant fatty acids in lacquer seed oil extracted from lacquer seed kernel by Soxhlet extraction. The content of unsaturated fatty acids was more than 70%, and the content of linoleic acid was about 60%. It was suitable for edible oil. The commercial edible lacquer seed oil and lacquer seed oil obtained from the whole lacquer seed by traditional pressing process and Soxhlet extraction are mainly saturated fat, with palmitic acid content of 60~70%. Due to improper packaging and storage, the types and content of unsaturated fatty acids in the commercial edible lacquer seed oil are reduced, resulting in lower nutritional value. The content of oleic acid and linoleic acid in white lacquer seed oil was higher than that in black lacquer seed oil, while the content of linolenic acid in black lacquer seed oil was higher (P < 0.05). Black lacquer seed oil also contains about 1% palmitoleic acid. Therefore, the selection of raw materials and pressing technology has a great influence on the fatty acid composition and nutritional value of the obtained oil. Conclusion This study provides data reference for the development and utilization of lacquer seed resources. -
Key words:
- Lacquer tree /
- Lacquer oil /
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) /
- Fatty acid
-
表 1 不同漆籽油的脂肪酸组成的测定结果(n = 3,
$ \overline x \pm s $ )Table 1. The determination results of fatty acid composition of different lacquer seed oils
脂肪酸 脂肪酸含量(%) 脂肪酸含量(%) 白漆籽仁油 白漆籽油 市售食用白漆籽油 黑漆籽仁油 黑漆籽油 市售食用黑漆籽油 肉豆蔻酸
(C14∶0)0.14 ± 0.0000d 0.14 ± 0.0012d 0.16 ± 0.0058c 0.16 ± 0.0010c 0.55 ± 0.0012b 1.01 ± 0.0153a 十五碳酸
(C15∶0)0.03 ± 0.0000d 0.07 ± 0.0006a 0.06 ± 0.0058b 0.04 ± 0.0000c 0.06 ± 0. 0000b 0.08 ± 0.0058a 棕榈酸
(C16∶0)16.73 ± 0.0577e 65.8 ± 0.5196b 64.63 ± 0.1253c 20.97 ± 0.0577d 70.5 ± 0.0000a 70.47 ± 0.0802a 棕榈一烯酸
(C17∶1)0.38 ± 0.0015c 0.26 ± 0.0027d - 0.96 ± 0.0045b 1.25 ± 0.0231a - 十七烷酸
(C17∶0)0.11 ± 0.0023 0.05 ± 0.0012 - 0.08 ± 0.0010 0.04 ± 0.0000 - 硬脂酸
(C18∶0)2.94 ± 0.0058f 4.76 ± 0.0289c 5.65 ± 0.306b 3.14 ± 0.0322e 4.06 ± 0.0000d 5.31 ± 0.0116a 油酸
(C18∶1)14.77 ± 0.0577e 15.77 ± 0.0577d 19.33 ± 0.0200a 13.23 ± 0.0577f 18 ± 0.0000b 16.97 ± 0.0153c 亚油酸
(C18∶2)63.2 ± 0.0000a 12.3 ± 0.5196c 7.38 ± 0.0603d 58.67 ± 0.0577b 4.23 ± 0.0058e 1.25 ± 0.0404f 花生酸
(C20∶0)0.25 ± 0.0023e 0.47 ± 0.0015d 0.64 ± 0.0058c 0.47 ± 0.0059d 0.87 ± 0.0000b 1.39 ± 0.0200a 花生一烯酸
(C20∶1)0.10 ± 0.0006 0.07 ± 0.0006 - 0.20 ± 0.0036 0.13 ± 0.0006 - 亚麻酸
(C18∶3)1.11 ± 0.0058b 0.25 ± 0.0119c - 1.55 ± 0.0100a 0.12 ± 0.0006d - 二十二碳酸
(C22∶2)0.14 ± 0.0006b 0.05 ± 0.0000c - 0.29 ± 0.0064a 0.15 ± 0.0015b - 二十三碳酸
(C20∶3)- - - 0.05 ± 0.0026 - - 二十四碳酸
(C24∶1)0.08 ± 0.0000b 0.02 ± 0.0006c - 0.15 ± 0.0035a 0.02 ± 0.0006c - 脂肪/(g/100g) 7.57 ± 0.2520 19.93 ± 0.1528 - 11.60 ± 0.100 42.67 ± 0.5508 - 注:表1中仅列入了已确定的脂肪酸组分,而尚未确定的脂肪酸尚未列入其中;“-”为未检出;同行字母不同代表差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 -
[1] 桂花. 滇西北各民族的美味特色[J]. 烹调知识,2019,(8):56-57. [2] 王成章. 漆籽漆蜡(油)的化学组成和开发前景[J]. 林业科技通讯,2001,(9):5-6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4938.2001.09.001 [3] 高志英,沙丽娜. 傈僳族漆油饮食文化论[J]. 民族学刊,2015,6(5):54-63+111-114. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9391.2015.05.007 [4] 王洪云. 漆蜡(油)的成分及其综合利用价值[J]. 中国民族民间医药,2013,22(8):3+5. [5] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. GB5009.6—2016, 食品中脂肪的测定[S]北京: 中国标准出版社, 2016. [6] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. GB 5009.168—2016, 食品中脂肪酸的测定[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2016. [7] 李浩成,唐乙云,杨绍兵,等. 基于GC-MS和PCA对怒江州4个主要产地及不同加工方式漆油成分分析[J]. 中国油脂,2020,45(9):92-96. [8] 付萍,蔡梅,冒长峙. 食用漆油致皮肤过敏五例[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志,2006,39(3):156. doi: 10.3760/j.issn:0412-4030.2006.03.025 [9] 齐志文,王成章,蒋建新. 漆酚的生物化学活性及其应用进展[J]. 生物质化学工程,2018,52(4):60-66. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2018.04.010 [10] 王佳,王森,邵凤侠,等. 怒江地区漆树籽油和蜡的脂肪酸成分分析[J]. 中国粮油学报,2019,34(6):68-74+80. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0174.2019.06.012 [11] Je L,Hyungjae L,Seokbeom K,et al. Fatty Acid Desaturases,Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Regulation,and Biotechnological Advances[J]. Nutrients,2016,8(1):23. doi: 10.3390/nu8010023 [12] 赵晓燕,马越. 亚麻酸的研究进展[J]. 中国食品添加剂,2004,(1):27-29+5. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2513.2004.01.008 [13] 吴洪号,张慧,贾佳,等. 功能性多不饱和脂肪酸的生理功能及应用研究进展[J]. 中国食品添加剂,2021,32(8):135-140. [14] 张春娥,张惠,刘楚怡,等. 亚油酸的研究进展[J]. 粮油加工,2010,(5):18-21. [15] 廖振林,李倩滢,陈俊杰,等. 亚麻籽油组分的功能活性研究进展[J]. 现代食品科技,2021,37(11):1-11. [16] 王炜,张伟敏. 单不饱和脂肪酸的功能特性[J]. 中国食物与营养,2005,(4):44-46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9577.2005.04.014