Correlation Analysis of Antimicrobial Use and Common Bacterial Resistance in a Hospital in Yunnan From 2016 to 2019
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摘要:
目的 调查细菌耐药与抗菌药物用量之间的相关性,为抗菌药物合理使用提供参考。 方法 统计安宁市第一人民医院2016年至2019年抗菌药物DDDs(使用频度)和AUD(使用强度),收集同期临床标本分离菌并使用WHONET5.6软件统计耐药率,运用SPSS 23.0分析抗菌药物使用频度与细菌耐药率之间的相关性。 结果 第3代头孢菌素和喹诺酮类抗菌药物的使用量位居前列。临床标本分离菌中排名前5位的分别为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌。大肠埃希菌耐药率与阿米卡星的DDDs相关,相关系数r = -0.959(P = 0.041),肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率与头孢他啶的DDDs相关,相关系数r = 0.999(P = 0.001),鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌耐药率与亚胺培南西司他丁的DDDs相关,相关系数分别为r = 0.999(P = 0.001)、r = 0.967(P = 0.033),肺炎链球菌耐药率与莫西沙星的DDDs相关,r = 0.989(P = 0.011)。 结论 细菌耐药性与抗菌药物使用量存在相关性,临床应根据药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物,避免细菌耐药。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the correlation between antimicrobial drug use and bacterial drug resistance, and to provide reference basis for clinical rational use of antimicrobial drugs. Methods DDDs and AUD of antimicrobial in Anning First People’ s Hospital from 2016 to 2019 were analyzed. WHONET5.6 software was used to calculate the drug resistance rate of bacteria isolated from clinical samples in the same period, and SPSS 23.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between the frequency of antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance. Results The usage of three generations of cephalosporins and quinolones in our hospital ranked the top, and the top 5 pathogens detected in clinical specimens were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Acinetobacter baumannii. The drug resistance rate of Escherichia coli was correlated with the DDDs of amikacin (r = -0.959, P = 0.041), Klebsiella pneumoniae was correlated with ceftazidime DDDs ( r = 0.999, P = 0.001), Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance rates were correlated with DDDs of imipenancetastatin (r = 0.999, P = 0.001 and r = 0. 967 , P = 0.033), Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance rates were correlated with DDDs of moxifloxacin (r = 0.989, P = 0.011). Conclusions There is a correlation between the amount of antimicrobial agents and bacterial drug resistance, so it is necessary to select antimicrobial agents according to the results of drug sensitivity test to reduce the bacterial resistance. -
Key words:
- Antimicrobial agents /
- Bacterial resistance /
- Correlation /
- Drug sensitive test
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表 1 2016年-2019年住院患者各类抗菌药物的DDDs及AUD的变化
Table 1. Changes of DDDs and AUD of various antibacterial drugs in inpatients from 2016 to 2019
药物分类 2016 2017 2018 2019 DDDs AUD DDDs AUD DDDs AUD DDDs AUD 青霉素类 2037.13 0.7621 2450.11 0.8748 3431.68 1.2092 3827.71 1.3880 一代头孢菌素 9442.67 3.5327 11761.33 4.1991 9694.16 3.4159 9285.67 3.3671 二代头孢菌素 2077.5 0.7772 2283.25 0.8152 17369.5 6.1204 6327.17 2.2943 三代头孢菌素 25673.75 9.6052 24113.13 8.6091 19615.25 6.9118 19892.89 7.2134 头霉素类 1823.5 0.6822 3319.63 1.1852 4143.75 1.4601 5362 1.9443 青霉素类+酶抑制剂 11218.15 4.1970 11490.56 4.1025 9572.37 3.3730 7049.13 2.5561 头孢菌素类+酶抑制剂 8062.88 3.0165 6472.5 2.3109 9246.38 3.2581 12766.5 4.6293 林可酰胺类 574.67 0.2150 668.67 0.2387 1405.83 0.4954 1154.5 0.4186 大环内酯类 2541.6 0.9509 2391.55 0.8539 1690.32 0.5956 644.52 0.2337 氨基糖苷类 529.67 0.1982 129.27 0.0462 591.07 0.2083 436.73 0.1584 喹诺酮类 9803.6 3.6678 12506.8 4.4653 13477.2 4.7489 19238.6 6.9761 抗真菌药物 2301.25 0.8610 1927.21 0.6881 2083.25 0.7341 2484.75 0.9010 四环素类 800 0.2993 1346 0.4806 1302 0.4588 0 0.0000 硝基呋喃类 2727.85 1.0206 3082.33 1.1005 2759.33 0.9723 2553.03 0.9258 糖肽类 216.5 0.0810 151.75 0.0542 238.7 0.0841 852.25 0.3090 碳青霉烯类 1819 0.6805 2865 1.0229 7465.75 2.6307 3204.5 1.1620 硝基咪唑类 2727.85 1.0206 3082.33 1.1005 2759.33 0.9723 2553.03 0.9258 其他类 0 0 12.5 0.0045 0.88 0.0003 0.38 0.0001 合计 79723.75 29.8267 85153.39 30.4022 102618.09 36.1593 94228.8 34.1683 表 2 2016年-2019年住院患者临床标本常见病原菌检出情况
Table 2. Detection of common pathogenic bacteria in clinical specimens from 2016 to 2019
病原菌 2016年 2017年 2018年 2019年 分离株数(占比%) 分离株数(占比%) 分离株数(占比%) 分离株数(占比%) 大肠埃希菌 338(26.57) 400(28.67) 342(27.67) 546(30.67) 肺炎克雷伯菌 179(14.07) 225(16.13) 140(11.33) 221(12.42) 铜绿假单胞菌 28(2.20) 33(2.37) 32(2.59) 44(2.47) 鲍曼不动杆菌 73(5.74) 50(3.58) 73(5.90) 84(4.71) 流感嗜血杆菌 74(5.82) 117(8.39) 49(3.96) 82(4.61) 金黄色葡萄球菌 114(8.96) 117(8.39) 155(12.54) 122(6.85) 肺炎链球菌 27(2.12) 22(1.58) 23(1.86) 22(1.24) 表皮葡萄球菌 85(6.68) 53(3.79) 61(4.93) 103(5.78) 溶血葡萄球菌 24(1.89) 25(1.79) 17(1.37) 16(0.89) 屎肠球菌 24(1.89) 18(1.29) 46(3.72) 40(2.25) 表 3 2016年-2019年临床常见革兰阴性菌的耐药率(%)
Table 3. Drug resistance rate of clinical common gram-negative bacteria from 2016 to 2019 (%)
抗菌药物 大肠埃希菌的耐药率(%) 肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率(%) 铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率(%) 鲍曼不动杆菌(%) 流感嗜血杆菌(%) 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019 氨苄西林 91.7 90.5 88.8 90.5 85.1 87.1 91.4 84.6 100 97 100 97.6 82.2 76.0 87.5 78.6 74.6 75.2 64.6 79.3 哌拉西林 64.8 62.5 66.2 62.8 20.6 23.6 14.3 18.1 21.4 12.1 25.8 19 66.3 100 77.8 75.0 - - - - 阿莫西林克拉维酸钾 9.8 9.0 6.5 6.6 3.4 14.2 5.7 10.4 100 97 100 95.3 69.9 42.0 78.1 63.1 16.7 16.2 14.3 15.9 头孢唑林 65.2 60.4 68.7 77.6 20.5 23.7 13.9 41.1 100 100 100 97.6 100 100 100 100 - - - - 头孢克洛 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 60.6 54.7 50.0 50.0 头孢呋辛 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41.7 33.3 34.7 34.1 头孢他啶 23.5 20.1 23.4 16.3 9.7 17.8 7.9 8.6 13.8 12.1 12.9 23.1 68.1 40.0 73.6 69.0 - - - - 头孢曲松 60.7 54.9 59.0 53.6 19.9 23.8 12.9 17.6 96.3 100 100 97.6 71.2 72.3 76.4 69.0 - - - - 头孢吡肟 17.9 13.3 19.2 12.6 9.7 16.0 9.3 6.8 10.3 12.1 9.7 14 68.5 38.8 72.6 70.2 - - - - 氨曲南 37.8 33.6 39.1 29.5 13.1 20.0 8.6 10.0 0 0 0 0 76.7 60.0 77.5 77.4 - - - - 亚胺培南 1.2 0.3 0 0.4 0.6 11.2 2.1 4.1 17.2 24.2 3.2 10.5 58.9 59.0 59.7 63.1 - - - - 美罗培南 1.2 1.8 0 0.4 0.6 11.6 3.6 4.5 3.4 18.2 9.7 12.8 59.2 60.0 62.4 65.5 - - - - 阿米卡星 1.5 1.5 0.6 0.5 1.1 12.9 2.1 4.1 3.4 0 0 9.3 20 25.0 66.7 61.0 - - - - 庆大霉素 39.9 42.1 37.8 35.2 8.5 16.9 8.6 12.2 20.7 3 6.5 9.3 68.1 66.5 70.8 67.9 - - - - 环丙沙星 51.5 48.9 56.9 47.1 12.6 19.6 9.3 13.1 13.8 12.1 22.6 7.1 70.8 68.9 73.6 69.0 - - - - 左氧氟沙星 47.3 47.9 56 46.2 10.2 18.7 6.4 10.0 13.8 3 12.9 9.3 43.8 8.0 26 34.5 0 - - - 四环素 65.1 61.7 68.5 68.5 23.9 14.0 21.7 24.9 - - - - 73.2 40.0 77.8 70.2 25.0 18.8 4.1 6.1 呋喃妥因 2.4 1.8 1.2 2.6 16.5 15.1 10.8 11.8 100 100 92.6 100 100 100 98.6 100 - - - - 复方新诺明 59.2 56.9 56.9 53.0 26.1 12.0 14.4 22.4 78.6 61.3 66.7 84.2 51.4 18.0 53.4 26.3 69.4 61.5 73.5 70.8 注:“—”表示未做药敏试验或对抗菌药物天然耐药。 表 4 2016年-2019年临床常见革兰阳性菌的耐药率(%)
Table 4. Drug resistance rate of clinical common gram-positive bacteria from 2016 to 2019(%)
抗菌药物 金黄色葡萄球菌耐药率(%) 表皮葡萄球菌的耐药率(%) 溶血葡萄球菌的耐药率(%) 肺炎链球菌的耐药率(%) 屎肠球菌的耐药率(%) 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019 青霉素G 95.5 96.6 93.5 91.0 93.9 88.7 95.1 95.1 91.7 96.0 100 100 78.9 66.7 52.4 31.8 100 100 70.4 82.5 苯唑西林 17.0 17.1 28.8 21.3 82.9 75.5 82.0 73.8 87.5 92.0 87.5 93.8 - - - - - - - - 氨苄西林 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 95.7 92.9 70.4 70.0 头孢噻肟 - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 21.4 9.1 9.1 - - - - 阿莫西林 - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.3 0 0 4.5 - - - - 头孢西丁 16.4 17.1 28.1 21.5 81.8 76.5 81 73.5 85 90.5 100 93.8 - - - - - - - - 庆大霉素 21.4 23.1 26.6 13.9 2.4 7.5 8.2 5.8 45.8 36.0 52.9 31.2 - - - - 0 0 - - 左氧氟沙星 10.8 17.1 23.4 8.2 54.9 47.2 57.4 44.7 83.3 72.0 88.2 68.8 0 0 0 4.5 95.7 88.2 70.4 90.0 莫西沙星 8.9 16.2 20.8 8.2 11.1 17.00 26.2 15.5 58.3 32.0 70.6 31.2 0 0 0 4.5 100 94.4 76.0 90.0 红霉素 63.4 54.7 70.1 69.7 73.2 77.4 72.1 81.6 95.8 92.0 100 93.8 95.2 100 95.7 95.5 100 77.8 88.5 85.0 四环素 20.5 19.7 42.9 30.3 43.9 49.1 39.3 35.0 50.0 40.0 47.1 37.5 92.6 90.9 90.9 68.2 37.5 83.3 77.8 55.0 克林霉素 56.2 54.7 65.6 66.4 51.2 54.7 49.2 60.2 70.8 64 82.4 87.5 100 100 100 81.8 100 76.5 92.6 82.5 呋喃妥因 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 58.3 41.2 44.4 45.0 复方新诺明 28.6 26.5 24.7 22.7 67.1 58.5 62.3 56.2 37.5 60.0 29.4 46.2 53.8 63.6 73.9 66.7 - - - - 利福平 8.1 4.3 12.3 0.8 4.9 1.9 6.6 4.9 25.0 12.0 25.0 25.0 - - - - - - - - 万古霉素 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 利奈唑胺 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 注:“—”表示未做药敏试验或对抗菌药物天然耐药。 表 5 2016年-2019年主要细菌耐药率与抗菌药物DDDs的相关性分析
Table 5. Correlation analysis of major bacterial resistance rate and antimicrobial DDDs from 2016 to 2019
抗菌药物 年份 DDDs 大肠埃希菌 肺炎克雷伯菌 鲍曼不动杆菌 铜绿假单胞菌 金黄色葡萄球菌 肺炎链球菌 耐药率 相关性 耐药率 相关性 耐药率 相关性 耐药率 相关性 耐药率 相关性 耐药率 相关性 青霉素G 2016 1890.93 / / / / / / / / 0.955 r = 0.953
P = 0.047*0.789 /
/
/
/2017 2100.13 / / / / / / / / 0.966 0.667 2018 2989.20 / / / / / / / / 0.935 0.524 2019 3623.73 / / / / / / / / 0.910 0.318 阿米卡星 2016 65 0.015 r = − 0.959
P = 0.041*0.011 r = −0.751
P = 0.2490.200 r = 0.800
P = 0.2000.034 r = 0.018
P = 0.982/ / / / 2017 33.6 0.015 0.129 0.250 0.000 / / / / 2018 77.4 0.006 0.021 0.667 0.000 / / / / 2019 94.4 0 0.041 0.689 0.093 / / / / 头孢他啶 2016 5598.75 0.235 r = −0.145
P = 0.8550.097 r = 0.999
P = 0.001*0.681 r = 0.656
P = 0.3440.138 r = −0.414
P = 0.586/ / / / 2017 7542 0.201 0.178 0.400 0.121 / / / / 2018 5155.75 0.234 0.079 0.736 0.129 / / / / 2019 5394.5 0.163 0.086 0.690 0.231 / / / / 亚胺培南
西司他丁2016 1807 0.012
r = 0.400
P = 0.6000.006
r = 0.458
P = 0.5420.589
r = 0.999
P = 0.001*0.172
r = 0.967
P = 0.033*/ / / / 2017 1927 0.003 0.112 0.550 0.242 / / / / 2018 448.75 0 0.021 0.597 0.032 / / / / 2019 1123.5 0.004 0.041 0.631 0.105 / / / / 莫西沙星 2016 63 / / / / / / / / 0.089 r = −0.40
P = 0.6000.000 r = 0.989
P = 0.011*2017 20 / / / / / / / / 0.162 0.000 2018 269 / / / / / / / / 0.208 0.000 2019 4960.5 / / / / / / / / 0.082 0.045 注:“/”表示未做药敏试验或对抗菌药物天然耐药,*P<0.05。 -
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