Analysis of Perioperative Psychological Needs of Parents of Children with Cleft lip and Palate During Perioperative Period
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摘要:
目的 分析唇腭裂患儿家长围手术期心理需求。 方法 采用家庭功能评定量表，随机选取2017年1月至2018年12月住院期间的65例唇腭裂患儿的家长进行问卷调查，调查涉及唇腭裂患儿家长的心理需求包括6个方面：手术的担心程度、唇腭裂疾病知识的了解程度、家庭受教育水平、如何优点鼓励孩子、如何增强孩子的抗逆性以及如何提高孩子的心理健康。以了解唇腭裂患儿家长围手术期的心理需求。 结果 唇腭裂患者家长6个心理需求中，超过半数家长对唇腭裂手术普遍表示担忧 （50.77%），患儿家庭受教育水平主要集中在初中及以下阶段（53.85%），近半数家长对唇腭裂疾病知识的了解程度为一般了解（44.62%），对于如何增加孩子抗逆性的了解程度，如何优点鼓励孩子的了解程度及如何提高孩子的心理健康了解程度，大多数患儿家长均表示不太了解（分别占40.00%、47.69%和46.15%）。6个心理需求相关性分析表明，家长对疾病知识的了解、如何优点鼓励孩子以及如何增强孩子抗逆性的需求均与如何提高孩子心理健康呈显著的正相关（P < 0.01）；与家庭受教育水平也呈正相关关系（P < 0.01）；家长对唇腭裂疾病知识的了解程度与家庭受教育水平（r = 0.361）、及如何优点鼓励孩子（r = 0.534）、如何增强孩子抗逆性（r = 0.696）的了解程度之间均呈显著正相关关系（P < 0.01）。 结论 在患儿的围手术期对唇腭裂患儿家长进行心理干预，提高家长对于疾病知识的了解程度，帮助围手术期的家长对孩子进行优点鼓励，引导家长培养孩子应对逆境的能力，对提高唇腭裂家长及患儿的临床心理治疗水平有重大意义。 Abstract:Objective To analyze perioperative psychological needs of parents of cleft lip and palate patients. Methods Using the family function assessment scale, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the parents of 65 patients with cleft lip and palate who were randomly selected during hospitalization from January 2017 to December 2018. The survey involved the psychological needs of the parents of children with cleft lip and palate, including the degree of worry about surgery, the degree of understanding of cleft lip and palate disease knowledge, the level of family education, how to encourage children, how to enhance children’s resilience and how to improve children’s mental health. Results Among the six psychological needs of parents of patients with cleft lip and palate, more than half of the parents of children are generally worried about cleft lip and palate surgery （50.77%）; the education level of children’s families is mainly junior middle school or below （53.85%）, and nearly half of the parents’ knowledge of cleft lip and palate disease is mainly expressed as general knowledge （44.62%）. As for how to increase the understanding degree of children’s stress resistance, how to encourage the understanding degree of children’s advantages and how to improve the understanding degree of children’s mental health, most of the parents of children showed little understanding （40.00%, 47.69% and 46.15%, respectively）.The correlation analysis showed that among the six psychological needs of parents of patients with cleft lip and palate, parents’ understanding of disease knowledge, how to encourage their children and how to enhance their children’s resistance were significantly positively correlated with how to improve their children’s mental health （P < 0.01）; there was a significant positive correlation among the three （P < 0.01）. There was also a significant positive correlation between family education level and the three （P < 0.01）. There was a significant positive correlation between parents’ knowledge of cleft lip and palate disease and family education level （r = 0.361）, how to encourage children with advantages （r = 0.534） and how to enhance children’s stress resistance （r = 0.696） （P < 0.01）. Conclusion It is of great significance to carry out psychological intervention for parents of children with cleft lip and palate during the perioperative period to improve their understanding of the disease knowledge, to help parents in the perioperative period to encourage their children’s advantages, and to guide parents to cultivate their children’s ability to cope with adversity, so as to improve the clinical psychological treatment level of parents and children with cleft lip and palate. -
Key words:
- Cleft lip and palate /
- Perioperative period /
- Parents of patients /
- Psychological needs
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表 1 患儿家庭基本信息统计
Table 1. Statistics of basic family information of children
项目 患儿疾病类型（n = 65） 患儿父母性别（n = 65） 患儿父母户籍（n = 65） 家庭受教育水平（n = 65） 唇裂 腭裂 唇腭裂 男 女 农村 城市 文盲 小学 初中 高中 高等教育 病例数（n） 41 14 10 40 25 56 9 2 6 35 12 10 构成比（%） 63.1 21.5 15.4 61.5 38.5 86.2 13.8 3.1 9.2 53.8 18.5 15.4 
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表 2 唇腭裂患儿家长围手术期心理调查项目统计（
$\bar x \pm s $ ）Table 2. Statistics of psychological investigation of parents （
$\bar x \pm s $ ）项目 n / % 得分（分） 1 2 3 4 5 手术的担心程度 0/0 2/3.08 5/7.69 33/50.77 25/38.46 4.25 ± 0.58 家庭受教育水平 2/3.08 6/9.23 35/53.85 12/18.46 10/15.38 3.34 ± 0.76 唇腭裂疾病知识的了解程度 6/9.23 9/13.84 29/44.62 17/26.15 4/6.15 3.06 ± 0.73 如何增加孩子抗逆性的了解程度 12/18.46 26/40.00 18/27.69 7/10.77 2/3.08 2.40 ± 0.84 如何优点鼓励孩子的了解程度 7/10.77 31/47.69 14/21.54 7/10.77 6/9.23 2.60 ± 0.92 如何提高孩子的心理健康的了解程度 8/12.31 30/46.15 15/23.08 9/13.84 3/4.62 2.52 ± 0.86
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表 3 唇腭裂患儿家长围手术期心理调查项目相关分析
Table 3. Correlation Analysis of perioperative psychological survey of parents
项目 手术的
担心程度唇腭裂疾病知识的了解程度 如何优点鼓
励孩子的
了解程度如何增加孩子抗逆性的了解程度 家庭受教育
水平如何提高孩子的心理健康的了解程度 手术的
担心程度Pearson 相关性 1 显著性（双侧） n 65 唇腭裂疾病知识的了解程度 Pearson 相关性 0.187 1 显著性（双侧） 0.137 n 65 65 如何优点鼓励孩子的了解
程度Pearson 相关性 0.111 0.534** 1 显著性（双侧） 0.378 0.000 n 65 65 65 如何增加孩子抗逆性的了解程度 Pearson 相关性 0.291* 0.696** 0.650** 1 显著性（双侧） 0.019 0.000 0.000 n 65 65 65 65 家庭受教育
水平Pearson 相关性 −0.149 0.361** 0.472** 0.325** 1 显著性（双侧） 0.238 0.003 0.000 0.008 n 65 65 65 65 65 如何提高孩子的心理健康的了解程度 Pearson 相关性 0.187 0.558** 0.480** 0.552** 0.183 1 显著性（双侧） 0.136 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.145 n 65 65 65 65 65 65 *P < 0.05， **P < 0.01。
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