Investigations on the Infection, Immunity and Drug Resistance of Newly-treated Cases of HIV in Kunming
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摘要:
目的 研究针对昆明地区艾滋初治病例感染、免疫及耐药情况进行调查研究,将临床特征及病毒学特征进行联合分析,为艾滋病治疗难易程度的判定及抗病毒精准医疗个体化方案的制定提供依据。 方法 选取初治HIV病例200例,于治疗前采集血液,进行HIV病毒载量、HCV病毒载量、HBV病毒载量、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数,血清白蛋白、ALT、AST、HIV分型及耐药等检测。 结果 昆明地区艾滋初治病例感染途径以异性传播为主,占比80.5%,MSM人群也占有一定比例(6.5%),青少年及老年人群占比25%。200例HIV初治病例CD4水平与HIV病毒载量负相关(r = -0.58,P < 0.05),其中有83例发生机会性并发感染。艾滋初治病例HIV亚型以CRF08_BC亚型占比最高(27.5%)。200例HIV初治人群中共有7例感染者检出耐药突变位点,原发耐药率为3.5%。 结论 昆明地区艾滋病传播出现了新特征,传播途径从静脉吸毒为主转变为以异性传播为主,MSM人群、青少年及老年感染人群占比增加。昆明地区HIV初治人群HIV亚型具有独特分布特点,免疫状态整体偏低,原发耐药率为3.5%。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the infection, immunity, and drug resistance of newly-treated HIV cases in Kunming. The clinical characteristics and virological characteristics were jointly analyzed, so as to provide a basis to determine the ease of treatment and individualized solutions for antiviral precision treatment. Method The HIV-RNA , HCV-RNA, HBV-DNA, CD4 cell count, ALT, AST, Hb, PLT, ALB, HIV typing and resistance testing in 200 cases of newly-treated cases of HIV were detected before the therapy. Result The mainly infection route of newly-treated cases of HIV in Kunming was the heterosexual transmission, accounting for 80.5%, and MSM people also occupied a certain proportion (6.5%). Youth and seniors accounted for 25%. CD4 level was negatively correlated with viral load in newly-treated cases of HIV in Kunming (r = -0.58, P < 0.05), and 83 cases of them suffered from the opportunistic concurrent infection. HIV subtype had the highest proportion with CRF08_BC subtype in newly-treated cases of HIV in Kunming (27.5%). A total of 7 infected persons were detected resistance mutation sites in 200 newly-treated cases of HIV in Kunming. Primary resistance rate was 3.5%. Conclusion New features of HIV spreading in Kunming have emerged. The route of transmission has changed from intravenous drug use to heterosexual transmission. Increasing proportion of MSM population, adolescents and the Elderly. HIV subtypes have unique distribution characteristics in Kunming. The overall immune status is low. Primary resistance rate is 3.5%. -
Key words:
- HIV /
- Newly-treated /
- Infection /
- Immunity /
- Drug resistance
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表 1 昆明地区艾滋初治病例人群分布特征
Table 1. Population distribution characteristics of the newly-treated AIDS cases in Kunming
人群特征 例数(n) 构成比 (%) 性别 男 125 62.5 (125/200) 女 75 37.5 (75/200) 年龄(岁) < 20 9 4.5 (9/200) 20-50 150 75 (150/200) > 50 41 20.5 (41/200) 民族 汉族 168 84 (168/200) 彝族 15 7.5 (15/200) 哈尼族 6 3 (6/200) 壮族 4 2 (4/200) 其它 7 3.5 (7/200) 感染途径 异性传播 161 80.5 (161/200) 注射毒品 26 13 (26/200) MSM 13 6.5 (13/200) 文化程度 文盲 11 5.5 (11//200) 小学 66 33 (66/200) 初中 84 42 (84/200) 高中或中专 23 11.5 (23/200) 大专及以上 16 8 (16/200) 表 2 ALT、AST、ALB、HB及PLT检测结果(n)
Table 2. ALT,AST,ALB,HB and PLT test results (n)
检测项目 参考范围 正常范围例数 高于正常例数 低于正常例数 异常占比(%) ALT 5~40(U/L) 158 42 0 21 (42/200) AST 8~40(U/L) 151 49 0 24.5 (49/200) ALB 34~54(g/L) 166 0 34 17 (34/200) HB 113~151(g/L) 154 14 32 23 (46/200) PLT 100~320(g/L) 128 8 64 36 (72/200) 表 3 CD4+T淋巴细胞计数与病毒载量检测结果的分布情况(n)
Table 3. The distribution of CD4 cell count and viral load (n)
CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(cells/μL) 病毒载量 < E3 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 >E7 ≤200 0 0 9 22 29 6 1 201~400 8 7 15 19 18 3 0 ≥400 12 13 12 15 11 0 0 表 4 昆明地区HIV初治人群机会性并发感染背景
Table 4. Background of opportunistic concurrent infections among the newly-treated AIDS cases in Kunming
机会性感染背景 例数(n) 占比(%) HIV/HBV 22 26.5 (22/83) HIV/HCV 22 26.5 (22/83) HIV/HBV/HCV 5 6 (5/83) HIV/TB 15 18.1 (42/83) HIV/HCMV 8 9.6 (42/83) HIV/TP 11 13.3 (42/83) 表 5 昆明地区HIV初治人群中不同感染途径HIV亚型分布[n(%)]
Table 5. Distribution of HIV subtypes by different infection routes among the newly-treated AIDS cases in Kunming [n(%)]
感染途径 HIV亚型 CRF07_BC CRF08_BC CRF01_AE B C B+C 例数(占比) 例数(占比) 例数(占比) 例数(占比) 例数(占比) 例数(占比) 异性传播 32(16) 53(27.5) 10(5) 10(5) 12(6) 44(22) 注射毒品 10(5) 2(1) 12(6) 0(0) 0(0) 2(1) MSM 4(2) 0(0) 9(4.5) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 合计 46(23) 55(27.5) 31(15.5) 10(5) 12(6) 46(23) 表 6 昆明地区HIV初治人群耐药情况
Table 6. Drug resistance among the newly-treated AIDS cases in Kunming
药物类别 敏感 耐药 例数(n) 占比(%) 例数(n) 占比(%) Pls 199 99.5(199/200) 1 0.5(1/200) NRTIs 200 100 (200/200) 0 0 NNRTIs 194 97 (194/200) 6 3(6/200) 注:蛋白酶抑制剂(Pls)、核苷酸类逆转录酶抑制剂(NRTIs)、非核苷酸类逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs)。 表 7 昆明地区HIV初治人群耐药突变位点及耐药水平
Table 7. Resistance mutation sites and drug resistance levels of the newly-treated AIDS cases in Kunming
编号 亚型 性别 CD4 年龄 传播途径 耐药突变位点 耐药水平 PIs NRTIs NNRTIs 潜在耐药 低度耐药 中度耐药 高度耐药 4 B+C 女 171 30 异性 V179D EFV/ETR/
NVP/RPV11 B+C 男 432 46 异性 E138A/
V179DEFV/NVP ETR/RPV 13 B+C 男 208 55 异性 L101F IDV FPV/NFV 28 CRF08_BC 女 626 25 异性 V179D EFV/ETR/
NVP/RPV129 CRF01_AE 男 292 32 异性 K103N EFV/NVP 134 CRF07_BC 男 594 35 吸毒 K103N EFV/NVP 188 CRF01_AE 男 516 21 MSM V179E EFV/ETR/
NVP/RPV注:EFV依非韦伦;ETR依曲韦林;NVP奈韦拉平;RPV利匹韦林;IDV茚地那韦;FPV夫沙那韦;NFV奈非那韦。 -
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