Risk Factors of Aspiration Pneumonia Secondary to Swallowing Dysfunction after Stroke
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摘要:
目的 研究脑卒中后因吞咽功能障碍所致的继发性误吸、吸入性肺炎的危险因素及干预方法。 方法 把脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者分为观察组和对照组,对2组继发SAP的患者分成SAP组和非SAP进行回顾性分析;并对2组患者进行干预治疗。 结果 2组脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者中发生SAP感染,观察组43.33%,对照组SAP感染46.66%;通过多因素回归分析得出年龄≥65岁,性别为男性的,有糖尿病、有房颤症状及鼻胃管进食的患者继发吸入性肺炎的危险性更大。 结论 脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者继发SAP的风险需高度重视,而60~70岁之间的患者基础病及神经功能缺损程度越高的系列危险性越大。 Abstract:Objective To study the risk factors and intervention methods of secondary aspiration and aspiration pneumonia caused by swallowing dysfunction after stroke. Methods The patients with dysphagia after stroke were divided into observation group and control group. Two groups of patients with secondary SAP were divided into SAP group and non-SAP group for retrospective analysis; intervention treatment was given to the two groups of patients. Results SAP infection occurred in the two groups of patients with swallowing dysfunction after stroke. 43.33% of the observation group and 46.66% of the control group were 28 patients with SAP infection. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the age ≥ 65 years old, male sex, diabetes, Patients with symptoms of atrial fibrillation and nasogastric tube feeding were at greater risk of secondary aspiration pneumonia. Conclusions The risk of secondary SAP in patients with dysphagia after stroke should be paid more attention to. The higher the degree of basic diseases and neurological deficits in patients between 60-70 years, the greater the risk. -
Key words:
- Stroke /
- Stroke-related pneumonia /
- Dysphagia /
- Aspiration /
- SAP /
- Risk factors
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表 1 2组患者SAP继发率[n(%)]
Table 1. SAP secondary rate in two groups [n (%)]
组别 n SAP继发率 T P 观察组 60 26(43.33) 8.45 < 0.037* 对照组 60 28(46.66) 8.64 < 0.039* *P < 0.05。 表 2 2组临床特征及相关因素分析[(
$\bar x \pm s $ ),岁]Table 2. Analysis of clinical characteristics and related factors of the two groups [(
$\bar x \pm s $ ),y]相关因素 SAP组 非SAP组 Z/χ2 P (n = 54) (n = 66) 性别[n( %) ]
男50( 83.33) 32(48.44) 女 4( 06.66) 34(56.66) 3.912 0.320 年龄(岁) 66 ± 13 61 ± 12 0.298a 0.100 鼻胃管进食[n( %) 53( 98.14) 18( 27.27) 2.637 0.325 糖尿病 44( 81.48) 22( 33.33) 4.373 0.034* 高血压 52( 96.29) 21( 31.81) 5.325 0.023* 冠心病 17( 31.48) 15( 22.72) 2.110 0.156 房虞病史 46( 85.18) 18( 27.27) 无房颤病史 8(14.81) 48( 72.72) 2.326 0.158 ADL[n( %)
Barthel指数≥4033( 61.11) 62( 93.93) Barthel 指数< 40 24(44.44) 9( 13.63) 6.284 < 0.001 NHISS 评分[n( %) ]
NHISS < 10 分39( 72.22) 55(83.33) NHISS≥10 分 38( 70.37) 6( 09.09) 8.780 < 0.001 ADL: 日常生活活动能力; NHISS: 美国卫生研究院卒中量表;a为Z 值,余为χ2值;*P < 0.05,差异有统计学意义。 表 3 线性回归分析结果 (n = 13)
Table 3. Linear regression analysis results (n = 13)
组别 非标准化系数 标准化系数 t p VIF R2 调整R2 F B 标准误 Beta 常数 6.209 1.298 − 4.784 0.001** − SAP组 0.634 0.116 0.634 5.470 0.000** 1.052 0.872 0.846 F (2,10) = 34.083,
P = 0.000非SAP组 −0.593 0.123 −0.559 −4.819 0.001** 1.052 因变量:相关因素;D-W值:1.368;**P < 0.01。 -
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