Epidemiological Characteristics of Traumatic Brain Injury in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from 2004 to 2013
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摘要:
目的 探讨创伤性脑损伤的流行病学特征,为疾病诊疗提供依据,提高创伤性脑损伤的综合救治。 方法 采取回顾性研究的方法,查阅昆明医科大学第一附属医院病案室创伤性脑损伤患者,在院救治的一系列病例资料共3 552例,其中2 044例为昆明医科大学第一附属医院住院患者,1 508例为外院转入患者,主要收集和进行统计学分析的资料有性别、年龄、职业、创伤原因、治疗方法及预后。 结果 男性患者占75.08%,女性患者占24.91%,男患者与女患者所占比是3.01∶1,且各个年龄段的 TBI 男性明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。其中主要为中年患者(41.66±15.72)岁;农民工是发生创伤性脑损伤最多的职业;创伤发生原因排名前3的是车祸伤45.27%、高处坠落伤18.92%与跌倒伤17.57%;急性颅脑损伤是最主要的致死因素。 结论 所收集的云南部分地区的病例资料分析提示:创伤性脑损伤患者主要以从事体力活动的中年男性为主,发病原因居于前3的依次是车祸伤、坠落伤与跌倒伤,减少TBI的发生和提高TBI的紧急救治成为了急危重症疾病的重点。 Abstract:Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of traumatic brain injury, to provide a basis for diagnosis and treatment of the disease, and to improve the comprehensive treatment of traumatic brain injury. Methods A retrospective research method was adopted to retrieve a series of case data of patients with traumatic brain injury in the medical record department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University in Yunnan province, covering 3 552 patients including 2 044 inpatients of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and 1 508 inpatients transferred from other hospitals. Data on gender, age, occupation, cause of trauma , treatment method and prognosis were collected and analyzed . Results Male patients accounted for 75.08%, while female patients accounted for 24.91%, and the ratio of male patients to female patients was 3.01∶1. TBI of all ages was significantly higher in males than in females, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Majority of them were middle-aged patients (41.66±15.72) years old. Migrant workers are the occupation with the most traumatic brain injury. The top 3 causes of trauma were car accident injury (45.27%), high fall injury (18.92%) and fall injury (17.57%). Acute brain injury is the leading cause of death. Conclusion The patients with traumatic brain injury in Yunnan province are mainly middle-aged men engaged in physical activity. The top three causes are car accident injuries, high fall injuries and fall injuries. Reducing the occurrence of TBI and improving the emergency treatment of TBI are the focus of acute and critical diseases. -
Key words:
- Traumatic brain injury /
- Epidemiological analysis /
- Prognosis
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表 1 首诊医院情况表
Table 1. The first visit hospitals
首诊医院 病例数(n) 构成比(%) 昆明医科大学第一附属医院 2 044 57.54 外院 1 508 42.46 表 2 首诊于外院的患者分布表
Table 2. Distribution of patients who were first diagnosed in other hospitals
地区 病例数(n) 构成比(%) 昆明 227 15.05 曲靖 208 13.79 红河 137 9.08 玉溪 120 7.96 楚雄 120 7.96 昭通 107 7.1 大理 105 6.96 普洱 96 6.37 临沧 94 6.23 丽江 75 4.97 保山 71 4.71 其他 148 9.82 合计 1508 100 表 3 各年龄组颅脑创伤患者性别分布表[n(%)]
Table 3. Gender distribution of patients with traumatic brain injuries in different age groups [n(%)]
年龄分组(岁) 男(n) 女(n) 男∶女 合计(构成比) 0~15 88(61.1) 56(38.9) 1.57∶1 144(4.05) 16~25 375(75.6) 121(24.4) 3.10∶1 496(13.96) 26~35 472(77.6) 136(22.4) 3.47∶1 608(17.12) 36~45 738(78.9) 198(21.2) 3.73∶1 936(26.35) 46~55 456(71.2) 184(28.8) 2.48∶1 640(18.02) 56~65 418(78.0) 118(22.0) 3.54∶1 536(15.09) 65岁及以上 120(62.5) 72(37.5) 1.67∶1 192(5.41) 合计 2667 885 3.01∶1 3552(100.00)* 与女性相比, *P < 0.01。 表 4 职业分布表
Table 4. Occupational distribution
职业 病例数(n) 构成比(%) 农民 984 27.71 工人 896 25.23 知识分子 680 19.14 学生 296 8.33 司机 296 8.33 无固定职业者 216 6.08 学龄前儿童 32 0.9 军警 16 0.45 其他 136 3.83 合计 3552 100 表 5 创伤原因分布表 [n(%)]
Table 5. Distribution of trauma causes [n(%)]
创伤原因 男(n) 女(n) 合计 车祸伤 1234 374 1608(45.27) 坠落伤 472 200 672 (18.92) 跌倒伤 441 183 624 (17.57) 打击伤 472 128 600 (16.89) 厂矿作业事故 22 0 22 (0.62) 爆炸伤 10 0 10 (0.28) 切割伤 3 0 3 (0.085) 火器伤 2 0 2 (0.057) 挤压伤 1 0 1 (0.028) 其他 10 0 10 (0.28) 合计 2667 885 3552(100.00) 表 6 颅脑损伤程度与创伤原因关系表 [n(%)]
Table 6. Relationship between the degree of traumatic brain injury and the cause of trauma [n(%)]
受伤原因 颅脑损伤程度 合计 轻型 中型 重型 特重型 车祸伤 296(18.4)* 720(44.7)* 368(22.8)* 224(13.9)* 1608 坠落伤 264(39.2)* 208(30.9)* 168(25.0)* 32(4.7)* 672 打击伤 232(38.6)* 216(36.0)* 120(20.0)* 32(5.3)* 600 跌倒伤 272(43.5)* 216(34.6)* 80(12.0)* 56(8.9)* 624 厂矿作业事故 22(100.0)* 0 0 0 22 挤压伤 1(100.0)* 0 0 0 1 爆炸伤 10(100.0)* 0 0 0 10 切割伤 3(100.0)* 0 0 0 3 火器伤 2(100.0)* 0 0 0 2 其他 10(100.0)* 0 0 0 10 合计 1112 1360 736 344 3552 χ2 = 362.3,*P < 0.05。 表 7 颅脑创伤治疗情况表
Table 7. Treatment of traumatic brain injury
治疗方法 病例数(n) 构成比(%) 手术治疗 992 27.93 非手术治疗 2560 72.07 表 8 出院时疗效初步评估分布表
Table 8. Distribution table of preliminary evaluation of curative effect at discharge
治疗结果 病例数(n) 构成比(%) 死亡 172 4.84 植物生存或长期昏迷 207 5.83 重残、生活不能自理 70 1.97 轻中残、生活自理 848 23.87 良好、正常生活 2255 63.49 合计 3552 100.00 表 9 主要死亡原因分布表
Table 9. Distribution of major causes of death
死亡原因 病例数(n) 构成比(%) 急性颅脑创伤 102 59.30 休克 15 8.73 气道阻塞窒息 2 1.16 心肺功能衰竭 24 13.95 严重肺部感染 10 5.82 ARDS 3 1.75 消化道出血 3 1.75 肾功能不全 2 1.16 MODS 1 0.58 颅内感染 2 1.16 电解质紊乱 5 2.90 严重营养不良 0 0.00 糖尿病酮症酸中毒 0 0.00 其他 3 1.74 -
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