Clinical Features of Tuberculosis with Negative T Cell Spot Test in Peripheral Blood
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摘要:
目的 分析活动性结核病外周血结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)阴性病例的临床特征。 方法 以2019年1~12月在昆明市第三人民医院结核二科住院的经痰检、体液或组织标本检测结核病原学阳性且T-SPOT.TB阴性和同期收治T-SPOT.TB阳性活动性结核病为研究对象,T-SPOT.TB阴性病例组83例,T-SPOT.TB阳性病例组82例,比较2组病例的临床特征,同时比较常规几种实验检测方法的阳性率。 结果 T-SPOT.TB阴性病例组与T-SPOT.TB阳性病例组,2组年龄、性别,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),但T-SPOT.TB阴性组与阳性组比较,超60岁的病患更多,达22.9%,差异无统计学意义( P > 0.05);2组合并基础病方面,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),均以合并糖尿病多见;合并肺外结核2组均占一半左右,T-SPOT.TB阴性病例组以结核性胸膜炎多见,阳性病例组以气管结核更多见;细胞免疫相关检查,有近90%患者存在细胞免疫功能低下。所有病例均常规开展了抗酸杆菌涂片、TB-DNA、XpertMtb/RIF 、结核菌培养相关检查,在2组病例中,XpertMtb/RIF 阳性率均为最高,分别为77.1%和64.6%,均明显高于其他3种检测方法,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。 结论 老年、合并肺外结核、免疫功能低下等可能是活动性结核病中T-SPOT.TB阴性的原因;XpertMtb/RIF 检测可用于结核病早期快速诊断优于其他常规检测方法。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical features of active tuberculosis cases with negative T cell spot assay (T-SPOT.TB) in peripheral blood. Methods A total of 83 active tuberculosis patients admitted to the Second Department of Tuberculosis in Kunming Third People’ s Hospital from January to December 2019 who tested negative T-SPOT.TB were selected as the study subjects; another 82 active tuberculosis patients who tested positive T-SPOT.TB were selected as the control. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared, and the positive rates of several conventional experimental detection methods were compared. Results There was no difference in age and gender between the T-spot. TB negative group and the T-spot. TB positive group ( P > 0.05), however, there were more patients over 60 years old in the T-spot TB negative group (22.9%), but there was no difference, in 2 groups ( P > 0.05). There was no difference in the comorbidity of the 2 groups, and diabetes was more common ( P > 0.05). The incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was about half in both groups; tuberculosis pleurisy was more common in the T-SPOT.TB negative group, and tracheal tuberculosis was more common in the positive group. Cellular immune related examination showed nearly 90% of patients have low cellular immune function. All cases were routinely tested for acid-fast bacilli smear, TB-DNA, XpertMtb/RIF and TB culture. In the 2 groups, the positive rate of XpertMtb/RIF was the highest (77.1% and 64.6%, respectively), which was significantly higher than the other 3 detection methods. There was statistical difference (P < 0.001). Conclusion Old age, complicating extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and low immune function may be the causes of T-SPOt-TB negative in active tuberculosis. XpertMtb/RIF test can be used for rapid early diagnosis of TB. -
Key words:
- Active /
- Tuberculosis /
- Tuberculosis infection /
- T cell spot assay /
- Negative
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表 1 2组患者一般资料比较[
$ \bar x \pm s $ /n(%)]Table 1. Comparison of general information of patients between the 2 groups [
$ \bar x \pm s $ /n(%)]组别 n 性别 年龄(岁) 男 女 T-SPOT.TB阴性组 83 49(59.0 ) 34(41.0 ) 46.2 ± 17.3 T-SPOT.TB阳性组 82 50(61.0 ) 32(39.0 ) 41.5 ± 15.8 χ2/t 0.065 1.815 P 0.799 0.071 表 2 2组患者临床情况比较[n(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of the clinical conditions of the two groups [n(%)]
项目 T-SPOT.TB阴性组 T-SPOT.TB阳性组 χ2 P 年龄≥60岁 19(22.9) 13(15.9) 1.307 0.253 男性 49(59.0) 50(61.0) 0.065 0.799 基础病史 糖尿病 9(10.8) 6(7.3) 0.621 0.431 高血压 6(7.2) 3(3.7) 1.020 0.313 尘肺 4(4.8) 3(3.7) 0.137 0.711 类风湿性关节炎 3(3.6) 2(2.4) 0.194 0.660 肺炎 6(7.2) 5(6.1) 0.085 0.771 肺结核病史复治 18(21.7) 14(17.1) 0.562 0.454 单纯肺结核 43(51.8) 33(40.2) 2.220 0.136 合并其他结核 40(48.2) 49(59.8) 结核性胸膜炎 14(16.9) 15(18.3) 0.058 0.810 结核性脑膜炎 4(4.8) 7(8.5) 0.916 0.339 结核性腹膜炎 3(3.6) 3(3.7) 0.000 0.988 泌尿生殖系统结核 4(4.8) 4(4.9) 0.000 0.986 气管结核 9(10.8) 20(24.4) 5.225 0.022* 椎体结核 3(3.6) 2(2.4) 0.194 0.660 淋巴结结核 2(2.4) 6(7.3) 2.153 0.142 血播性肺结核 3(3.6) 7(8.5) 1.755 0.185 继发性肺结核 80(96.4) 75(91.5) 细胞免疫低 42(89.4) 71(86.6) 0.212 0.645 细胞免疫正常 5(10.6) 11(13.4) *P < 0.05。 表 3 不同检测方法阳性率比较[n(%)]
Table 3. Comparison of positive rates of different detection methods [n(%)]
组别检测方法 T-SPOT.TB阴性组 χ2 P T-SPOT.TB阳性组 χ2 P 抗酸杆菌涂片 29(34.9) 44.364 0.000* 10(12.2) 50.823 < 0.001* TB-DNA 32(38.6) 25(30.5) XpertMtb/RIF 64(77.1) 53(64.6) 结核菌培养 27(32.5) 35(42.7) *P < 0.05。 -
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