Nutritional Status of Elderly Tuberculosis Patients in Yunnan
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摘要:
目的 分析云南省老年结核病患者营养状况,为预防老年结核病患者营养不良及营养干预提供参考依据。 方法 收集2019年6月至2021年6月在昆明市第三人民医院收治的1316例年龄≥65岁老年结核病患者为病例组,另选同期健康体检人群520例作为对照组。比较2组营养相关指标水平,分析老年结核病患者的营养状况。 结果 与对照组比较,结核病患者血红蛋白(Hb)[(126.40±25.51) g/L]、淋巴细胞计数(LYM) [(1.24±0.59)×109/L]、血清总蛋白(TP) [ (66.00±8.22) g/L]、白蛋白(Alb) [ (36.03±6.04) g/L]、白/球比(A/G) [1.25±0.33]、胆固醇(TC) [(4.48±1.18) mmol/L]、甘油三酯(TG) [(1.19±0.70) mmol/L]和高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C) [(1.19±0.40) mmol/L]水平均低于对照组(t=15.640,26.240,14.770,35.900,35.080,8.272,7.986,7.381;P均<0.05);红细胞计数(Rbc) [ (4.92±0.52)×1012/L]、球蛋白(Glob) [(29.97±6.06) g/L]水平高于对照组(t = 13.060,15.490;P均< 0.05)。结核病患者贫血[10.50% (105/1000)]、低蛋白血症[30.30% (303/1000)]、高密度脂蛋白偏低 [27.00% (270/1000)] 比例高于对照组(χ2 = 28.900,147.900,53.490;P均< 0.05);高胆固醇血症[11.00% (110/1000)]、高甘油三酯血症[7.20% (72/1000)]比例低于对照组 (χ2 = 56.640,179.900;P < 0.05)。结核病患者营养相关指标程度以轻度和中度为主,结核合并糖尿病患者Alb[(32.24±6.90) g/L]水平低于单纯结核病组[(36.03±6.04) g/L] (t = 3.18;P < 0.01);Hb[(146±23.23) g/L]、TC[(5.54±0.85) mmol/L]水平高于单纯结核病组[分别为(126.40±25.51) g/L、(4.48±1.18) mmol/L] (t = 3.720,8.420;P < 0.05)。结核病患者中,Hb、Alb、TC、HDL-C水平与年龄都有相关性(r = -0.489,0.604,-0.526,-0.479;P < 0.05),TG水平与年龄不相关(r = 0.070;P = 0.770);Alb、TC、TG、HDL-C水平在性别表达中差异无统计学意义 (t = 0.601,0.942,0.299,0.485;P = 0.548,0.347,0.765,0.628)。 结论 云南省老年结核病患者营养不良发生率较健康人高,营养不良程度与年龄相关,营养相关疾病以轻度和中度为主,此外,糖尿病可加重老年结核病患者的营养不良程度。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the nutritional status of elderly tuberculosis patients in Yunnan and provide evidence for the prevention of malnutrition of elderly tuberculosis patients and nutritional intervention. Methods A total of 1316 elderly tuberculosis patients aged ≥65 years who were admitted to The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the case group, and 520 healthy people who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The nutrition-related indexes of the two groups were compared to analyze the nutritional status of elderly tuberculosis patients. Results Compared with the control group, TB patients’ hemoglobin (Hb) (126.40 + 25.51) g/L, lymphocyte count (LYM) [(1.24 + 0.59) x 109/L], serum total protein (TP) (66.00 + 8.22) g/L, albumin [(36.03) +/-6.04 g/L), albumin/globulin ratio (A/g) [1.25 +/-0.33), cholesterol (TC) [(4.48 +/-1.18) mmol/L], triglycerides (TG) (1.19 +/-0.70) mmol/L and high-density lipoprotein (HDL -C) [(1.19 ± 0.40) mmol/L] levels were lower than those in the control group (t =15.640, 26.240, 14.770, 35.900, 35.080, 8.272, 7.986, 7.381; P < 0.05); The RBC conut [(4.92 ± 0.52)×1012/L] and globulin level [(29.97 ± 6.06) g/L] were higher than those in the control group (t = 13.060, 15.490; P < 0.05). The prevalence of anemia [10.50% (105/1000)], hypoproteinemia [30.30% (303/1000)] and low high-density lipoprotein [27.00% (270/1000)] in tuberculosis patients were higher than those in control group (χ2 = 28.900, 147.900, 53.490; P < 0.05). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia [11.00% (110/1000)] and hypertriglyceridemia [7.20% (72/1000)] were lower than that of the control group (χ2 = 56.640, 179.900; P < 0.05). The degree of nutrition-related diseases in TB patients are mild and moderate. The level of Alb[(32.24±6.90) g/L] in patients with tuberculosis combined with diabetes was lower than that in patients with tuberculosis alone [(36.03 ± 6.04) g/L] (t = 3.18; P < 0.01); The levels of Hb[(146±23.23) g/L] and TC[(5.54±0.85) mmol/L] were higher than those of the tuberculosis group [(126.40 ± 25.51) g/L and (4.48 ± 1.18) mmol/L] (t = 3.720, 8.420; P < 0.05). In tuberculosis patients, Hb, Alb, TC, HDL-C levels were correlated with age (r = -0.489, 0.604, -0.526, -0.479; P < 0.05), while TG level was not correlated with age (r = 0.070; P = 0.770). There were no significant differences in the levels of Alb, TC, TG and HDL-C in gender (t = 0.601, 0.942, 0.299, 0.485; P = 0.548, 0.347, 0.765, 0.628). Conclusion The incidence of malnutrition in elderly tuberculosis patients in Yunnan was higher than healthy people, The degree of malnutrition is age-related, and nutrition-related diseases are mainly mild and moderate, in addition, diabetes can aggravate the degree of malnutrition in elderly tuberculosis patients. -
Key words:
- Tuberculosis /
- The elderly /
- Patient /
- Nutritional status
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表 1 对照组和病例组一般情况 [n(%)]
Table 1. Demographic data of control group and case group [n(%)]
分类 对照组
(n = 520)病例组
(n = 1000)χ2 P 性别 1.892 0.169 男 273(52.50) 562(56.20) 女 247(47.50) 438(43.80) 年龄组(岁) 1.801 0.615 65~ 197(37.88) 406(40.60) 70~ 152(29.23) 267(26.70) 75~ 94(18.08) 189(18.90) 80~84 77(14.81) 138(13.80) 表 2 对照组和病例组相关指标分析(
$\bar x \pm s $ )Table 2. Analysis of related indicators in control group and case group (
$\bar x \pm s $ )相关指标 对照组(n=520) 实验组(n=1000) t P Hb(g/L) 153.50 ± 16.11 126.4 ± 25.51 15.640 0.0010* Rbc(1012/L) 4.17 ± 0.85 4.92 ± 0.52 13.060 0.0008* LYM(109/L) 2.38 ± 0.71 1.24 ± 0.59 26.240 0.0013* TP(g/L) 71.55 ± 4.34 66.00 ± 8.22 14.770 0.0015* Alb(g/L) 45.97 ± 3.33 36.03 ± 6.04 35.900 0.0011* Glob(g/L) 25.58 ± 4.01 29.97 ± 6.06 15.490 0.0005* A/G 1.85 ± 0.36 1.25 ± 0.33 35.080 0.0012* TC(mmol/L) 5.11 ± 1.16 4.48 ± 1.18 8.272 0.0018* TG(mmol/L) 1.60 ± 0.86 1.19 ± 0.70 7.986 0.0007* HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.37± 0.35 1.19 ± 0.40 7.381 0.0016* Hb:血红蛋白;Rbc:红细胞计数;LYM :淋巴细胞;TP:总蛋白;Alb:白蛋白;Glob:球蛋白;A/G:白/球比;TC:胆固醇;TG:甘油三酯;HDL-C:高密度脂蛋白;*P < 0.05。 表 3 对照组和病例组营养相关疾病分析(%)
Table 3. Analysis of nutrition-related diseases in control group and case group (%)
组别 贫血 低蛋白血症 高胆固醇血症 高甘油三酯血症 高密度脂蛋白缺乏症 对照组(n = 520) 14 (2.69) 18 (3.46) 135 (25.96) 177 (34.03) 56 (10.77) 实验组(n = 1000) 105 (10.50) 303 (30.30) 110 (11.00) 72 (7.20) 270 (27.00) χ2 28.900 147.900 56.640 179.900 53.490 P 0.001* 0.001* 0.001* 0.002* 0.003* *P < 0.05。 表 4 病例组相关指标程度分析[n(%)]
Table 4. Analysis of the degree of relevant indicators in the case group [n(%)]
组别 贫血 低蛋白血症 高胆固醇血症 高甘油三酯血症 高密度脂蛋白缺乏症 χ2 P 轻度 32 (30.5) 225 (74.3) 42 (38.2) 40 (55.5) 78 (28.9) 195.6 0.001* 中度 61 (58.1) 73 (24.0) 61 (55.4) 30 (41.7) 120 (44.4) 重度 12 (11.4) 5 (1.7) 7 (6.4) 2 (2.8) 72 (26.7) 合计 105 303 110 72 270 *P < 0.05。 表 5 结核合并糖尿病营养状况分析(
$\bar x \pm s $ )Table 5. Analysis of nutritional status of tuberculosis complicated with diabetes mellitus (
$\bar x \pm s $ )相关指标 结核病(n = 960) 结核合并糖尿病(n = 40) t P Hb (g/L) 126.40 ± 25.51 146 ± 23.23 3.720 0.001* Alb (g/L) 36.03 ± 6.04 32.24 ± 6.90 3.180 0.003* TC (mmol/L) 4.48 ± 1.18 5.54 ± 0.85 8.420 0.000* TG (mmol/L) 1.19 ± 0.69 1.22 ± 0.65 0.260 0.799 HDL-C (mmol/L) 1.19 ± 0.40 1.11 ± 0.36 1.590 0.118 *P < 0.05。 表 6 相关指标与性别关系分析 (
$\bar x \pm s $ )Table 6. Analysis of the relationship between related indicators and gender (
$\bar x \pm s $ )相关指标 男 女 t P Hb(g/L) 130.40 ± 24.40 119.90 ± 25.95 7.386 0.001* Alb(g/L) 36.10 ± 6.10 35.92 ± 5.95 0.601 0.548 TC(mmol/L) 4.52 ± 1.25 4.41 ± 1.02 0.942 0.347 TG(mmol/L) 1.12 ± 0.72 1.18 ± 0.66 0.299 0.765 HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.19 ± 0.39 1.20 ± 0.42 0.485 0.628 *P < 0.05。 -
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