Clinical Distribution and Drug Resistance Analysis of Acineto Bacterbaumannii from 2014 to 2020
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摘要:
目的 探讨鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布情况及耐药性变迁,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。 方法 回顾性分析云南省第二人民医院2014年1月至2020年12月临床分离2 453株鲍曼不动杆菌的患者临床资料和药敏结果。 结果 2 453株鲍曼不动杆菌中重症监护室(35.2%)和外科(22.1%)是分离鲍曼不动杆菌的主要科室;云南省第二人民医院检出鲍曼不动杆菌的患者年龄主要分布在大于60岁的年龄段(59.1%),男性分离出鲍曼不动杆菌的检出率(8.64%)明显多于女性(5.39%),P < 0.01,同时男性分离出多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的检出率(7.39%)也显著高于女性(3.58%),P < 0.01;鲍曼不动杆菌对哌拉西林、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、美罗培南、阿米卡星耐药率逐年上升,对左旋氧氟沙星耐药率逐年下降;多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌分离率逐年上升;耐亚胺培南的鲍曼不动杆菌对哌拉西林等12种抗菌药物耐药率显著高于亚胺培南敏感株。 结论 检出鲍曼不动杆菌的主要科室是重症监护室和外科;男性患者较女性更易检出鲍曼不动杆菌;鲍曼不动杆菌对大部分抗菌药物的耐药率呈上升趋势,多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌检出率逐年增多,治疗耐亚胺培南的鲍曼不动杆菌抗菌药物选择压力较大,应加强对鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性的监测并合理使用抗菌药物。 Abstract:Objective To observe the clinical distribution and drug-resistance of A.baumannii, so as to provide the reference for the rational use of antibiotics in clinic. Methods Data of 2453 A.baumannii isolated from the clinical samples in a hospital from January 2014 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Results A total of 2453 strains of A.baumannii were mainly isolated from the patients in the Intensive Care Unit (35.2%) and surgery department (22.1%). The ages of the patients with A.baumannii detected in the hospital were mainly over 60 years old (59.1%). The detection rate of A.baumannii isolated from the males (8.64%) was significantly higher than that from the females (5.39%) (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the detection rate of multidrug-resistant A.baumannii isolated from the males (7.39%) was significantly higher than that from the females (3.58%) (P < 0.01). In addition to Levofloxacin, the resistance rates to Piperacillin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Tetracycline were increasing year by year. The isolation rate of multidrug resistant A.baumannii was also increased in the observation period. Furthermore, the drug resistance rate of the imipenem-resistant A.baumannii to 12 kinds of antibacterial drugs, such as Piperacillin, was significantly higher than that of the imipenem-sensitive strains. Conclusion A.baumannii isolated are mainly from the intensive care unit and surgery department. The susceptibility of the male patients to A.baumannii is higher than that of the females. The drug resistance rate of A.baumannii and the isolation rate of multidrug resistant A.baumannii are on the rise and the detection rate of multidrug-resistant A.baumannii is increasing year by year. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of A.baumannii and use antimicrobial agents rationally. -
Key words:
- Acinetobacter baumannii /
- Drug resistance /
- Antibiotics /
- Male
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表 1 不同性别患者同期分离出鲍曼不动杆菌、多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌和革兰阴性菌的检出率
Table 1. The rate of A.baumannii,multidrug-resistant A.baumannii and Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients of different genders at the same time
组别 男 女 χ2 P 鲍曼不动杆菌的检出率 1764(8.64) 686(5.39) 104.99 < 0.01* 多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的检出率 1510(7.39) 456(3.58) 182.89 < 0.01* 革兰阴性菌的检出率 15449(75.64) 9960(78.24) 3.91 < 0.05* *P < 0.05。 表 2 2089株鲍曼不动杆菌对13种抗菌药物的耐药率(%)
Table 2. drug resistance of 2089 A.baumannii strains to 13 antimicrobial agents (%)
抗菌药 2014年 2015年 2016年 2017年 2018年 2019年 2020年 哌拉西林 68.8 71.4 74.4 74.8 75.6 75.5 76.4 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦 58.3 62.2 71.7 75.6 75.9 76 77.7 头孢他啶 61.2 69.5 75.6 64.9 72.3 71.2 74.2 头孢曲松 63 71.8 75.9 70.9 72.6 71.4 72.3 头孢吡肟 63 68.9 75.9 75.6 75.9 73.9 74.2 亚胺培南 61.3 66.1 68.8 73.9 73.9 74.1 69.5 庆大霉素 65 68.3 72.2 70.6 68.4 62.5 44.0 阿米卡星 35.1 38.7 52.7 51.1 56 57.1 58.2 环丙沙星 65.6 71.2 74.8 75.1 74.2 72.2 63.2 左旋氧氟沙星 56.9 51.7 46.8 45.7 45.1 44.5 42.2 复方新诺明 65 52.3 57.5 58.5 62.3 48 47.2 四环素 48 58 70.2 71.8 74.8 70.9 51.4 美罗培南 57.6 67.3 70 72.5 74.5 72.8 74.7 表 3 2089株鲍曼不动杆菌对12种抗菌药物的药敏结果(%)
Table 3. The susceptibility results of 2089 A.baumannii strains to 12 antimicrobial agents(%)
抗菌药 亚胺培南耐药(n = 1813) 亚胺培南敏感(n = 640) 耐药率 中介率 敏感率 耐药率 中介率 敏感率 哌拉西林 96.8 2.7 0.5 16.7 13.7 69.6 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦 97.8 1.6 0.6 14.9 9.9 75.2 头孢他啶 95.2 4.7 0.1 18.8 11.8 69.4 头孢曲松 97.8 2.2 0 24.5 60.8 14.7 头孢吡肟 98.9 0.3 0.8 17.4 3.0 79.6 亚胺培南 99.8 0.1 0.1 1.9 1.9 96.2 庆大霉素 66.9 28.3 4.8 11.7 31.8 56.5 阿米卡星 95.8 2.7 1.5 14.7 1.4 83.9 环丙沙星 96.7 1.9 1.4 16.8 1.8 81.4 左旋氧氟沙星 76.8 17.4 5.8 15.4 0.3 84.3 复方新诺明 65.4 4.4 30.2 13.8 1.4 84.8 四环素 85.4 8.6 6.0 12.4 7.7 79.9 美罗培南 98.3 1.6 0.1 13.8 10.8 75.4 -
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