Clinical Data Analysis of 101 Cases of Very Preterm Infants
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摘要:
目的 研究极早产儿的出生情况、严重并发症的发生情况、转归情况及随访情况,并分析影响因素。 方法 回顾性收集2020年1月1日至2020年12月31日在云南省第一人民医院新生儿科住院治疗的极早产儿的临床资料,分析比较不同胎龄组之间的出生情况、围产期情况、治疗及转归情况;并收集出院患儿中于校正胎龄40周、校正1月龄、校正3月龄进行随访的患儿的体格发育情况进行分析。 结果 共纳入101例极早产儿,胎龄22+5~31+6周,平均胎龄29+6周,出生体重440~2100 g,平均出生体重1348.21 g。将所有纳入病例按胎龄分组,< 28周人数最少,占10.89%,30~30+6周及31~31+6周人数最多,各占27.72%。胎龄越大者出生体重越大、剖宫产率越高、1 min及5 min Apgar评分越高。各胎龄组间围产期相关因素比较,仅在是否存在胎膜早破方面差异具有统计学差异;治疗措施方面比较,有创通气时间及肠外营养时间具有统计学差异;合并症方面比较,中重度BPD的发生率具有统计学差异(P < 0.05);各组间住院时间、好转率及放弃率均具有统计学差异。在75例出院参与体格发育随访的婴儿中,各年龄期婴儿的平均头围、平均身长及平均体重均超过 P10百分位,男女婴之间比较无统计学差异(P < 0.05)。 结论 胎龄越小者,需有创通气及肠外营养的时间越长,越容易发生中重度BPD等早产相关合并症,存活率也更易受到影响。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the birth status, serious complications, outcome and follow-up of very premature infants, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods The clinical data of very preterm infants hospitalized in our department from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 were retrospectively collected. We compared and analyzed the difference of their birth status, perinatal status, treatment and outcome, and compared the physical development of infants who were followed up at 40 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after discharge. Results A total of 101 premature infants were investigated. The gestational age was 22+5-31+6 weeks and the average was 29+6 weeks. The birth weight was 440-2100 g, and the average was 1348.21 g. All cases were grouped according to gestational age. All cases were grouped according to gestational age. The number of patients less than 28 weeks was the least, accounting for 10.89%, and the number of patients 30 -30+6 weeks and 31-31+6 weeks were the most, accounting for 27.72% respectively. The older the gestational age, the greater the birth weight, the higher the cesarean section rate, and the higher the Apgar score at 1 minute and 5 minutes. The perinatal related factors in each group were statistically different only in the presence of premature rupture of membranes. In terms of treatment measures, there were significant differences in invasive ventilation time and parenteral nutrition time. In terms of complications, there was significant difference in the incidence of moderate and severe BPD. There were significant differences in hospital stay, improvement rate and abandonment rate among the groups. Among the 75 discharged children who participated in the follow-up of physical development, the average head circumference, average length and average weight of infants of all ages exceeded the P10 percentile, and there was no significant difference between male and female infants. Conclusion The younger the gestational age, the longer the need for invasive ventilation and parenteral nutrition, the more prone to premature delivery related complications such as moderate and severe BPD, and the survival rate is also more likely to be affected. -
Key words:
- Very preterm infants /
- Clinical data /
- Physical development /
- Follow-up
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表 1 各胎龄组极早产儿一般情况比较 [M(P25,P75)/n(%)]
Table 1. Comparison of general conditions of very preterm infants in different gestational age groups [M(P25,P75)/n(%)]
项目 < 28周
(11例)28~28+6周
(14例)29~29+6周
(20例)30~30+6周
(28例)31~31+6周
(28例)χ2 P值 出生体重(g) 1000.0
(980.0,1050.0)1205.0
(1087.5,1320.0)1300.0
(1127.5,1397.5)1350.0
(1200.0,1545.0)1570.0
(1470.0,1737.5)49.864 0.000* 男婴 5(45.5) 10(71.4) 7(35.0) 11(39.3) 14(50.0) 5.288 0.259 剖宫产 4(36.4) 4(28.6) 9(45.0) 14(50.0) 21(75.0) 10.510 0.033* SGA 0(0.0) 2(14.3) 3(15.0) 3(10.7) 2(7.1) 2.353 0.671 1 min评分 6(4,7) 7(7,8) 7(6,8) 8(7,8) 8(8,8) 47.256 0.003* 5 min评分 7(6,8) 8(8,9) 8(7,8) 9(8,9) 9(8,9) 51.883 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 2 各胎龄组极早产儿母亲围产期相关因素比较 [M(P25,P75)/n(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of perinatal related factors of mothers of very preterm infants in different gestational age groups [M(P25,P75)/n(%)]
项目 < 28周
(11例)28~28+6周
(14例)29~29+6周
(20例)30~30+6周
(28例)31~31+6周
(28例)χ2 P值 母亲年龄 31.0(30.0,32.0) 31.5(29.0,35.0) 29.5(28.0,33.0) 32.0(29.0,37.8) 31.0(29.0,34.0) 2.778 0.596 初次妊娠 4(36.4) 2(14.3) 9(45.0) 8(28.6) 3(10.7) 8.916 0.063 多胎妊娠 4(36.4) 7(50.0) 13(65.0) 13(46.4) 17(60.7) 3.597 0.466 辅助生殖 8(72.7) 3(21.4) 6(30.0) 11(39.3) 13(46.4) 8.188 0.085 产前激素 1(9.1) 6(42.9) 10(50.0) 11(39.3) 13(46.4) 5.706 0.222 妊娠期高血压 2(18.2) 2(14.3) 7(35.0) 12(42.9) 7(25.0) 5.179 0.269 妊娠期糖尿病 1(9.1) 2(14.3) 8(40.0) 6(21.4) 4(14.3) 6.481 0.166 妊娠合并感染 3(27.3) 6(42.9) 1(5.0) 9(32.1) 10(35.7) 7.705 0.103 胎盘异常 1(9.1) 2(14.3) 3(15.0) 1(3.6) 0(0.0) 5.848 0.211 胎膜早破 2(18.2) 2(14.3) 3(15.0) 12(42.9) 14(50.0) 11.183 0.025* *P < 0.05。 表 3 各胎龄组极早产儿治疗情况比较 [n(%)/M(P25,P75)]
Table 3. Comparison of treatment of very preterm infants in different gestational age groups [n(%)/M(P25,P75)]
治疗 < 28周
(11例)28~28+6周
(14例)29~29+6周
(20例)30~30+6周
(28例)31~31+6周
(28例)χ2 P值 PS应用 4(63.6) 4(71.4) 15(25.0) 19(32.1) 19(32.1) 12.971 0.113 有创通气时间 9(81.8) 12(85.7) 9(45.0) 14(50.0) 9(32.1) 15.158 0.004* 输血史 7(63.6) 13(92.9) 17(85.0) 20(71.4) 19(67.9) 5.189 0.268 PN天数 9.0(2.0,29.0) 32.0(22.8,42.8) 25.0(14.5,42.8) 20.5(12.3,27.8) 19.5(3.8,25.8) 11.918 0.018* *P < 0.05。 表 4 各胎龄组极早产儿并发症的比较 [n(%)]
Table 4. Comparison of complications of very preterm infants in different gestational age groups [n(%)]
并发症 < 28周
(11例)28~28+6周
(14例)29~29+6周
(20例)30~30+6周
(28例)31~31+6周
(28例)χ2 P值 NRDS 4(63.6) 4(71.4) 15(25.0) 19(32.1) 19(32.1) 12.971 0.113 中重度BPD 7(63.6) 7(50.0) 1(5.0) 4(14.3) 0(0.0) 32.749 0.000* 2级以上NEC 1(9.1) 1(7.1) 1(5.0) 0(0.0) 2(7.1) 2.288 0.683 IVH/PVL 6(54.5) 8(57.1) 6(30.0) 9(32.1) 11(39.3) 4.251 0.373 3期以上ROP 2(18.2) 1(7.1) 2(10.0) 1(3.6) 2(7.1) 2.468 0.650 *P < 0.05。 表 5 各胎龄组极早产儿住院时间及转归情况比较 [M(P25,P75)/n(%)]
Table 5. Comparison of hospitalization time and outcome of very preterm infants in different gestational age groups [M(P25,P75)/n(%)]
住院时间及转归 < 28周
(11例)28~28+6周
(14例)29~29+6周
(20例)30~30+6周
(28例)31~31+6周
(28例)χ2 P值 住院时间 25.0(1.0,36.0) 45.0(23.3,63.3) 40.0(31.3,49.3) 35.5(26.3,42.0) 32.0(26.0,40.0) 10.795 0.029 好转出院 2(18.2) 8(57.1) 15(75.0) 24(85.7) 27(96.4) 转院治疗 3(27.3) 2(14.3) 1(5.0) 3(10.7) 1(3.6) 死亡 2(18.2) 0(0.0) 3(15.0) 1(3.6) 0(0.0) 放弃治疗 4(36.4) 4(28.6) 1(5.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 31.867 0.000* *P < 0.05。 表 6 体格发育随访情况比较 (
$\bar x \pm s $ )Table 6. Comparison of follow-up of physical development (
$\bar x \pm s $ )项目 n 平均头围(cm) 平均身长(cm) 平均体重(kg) 校正胎龄40周 男婴37例 33.98 ± 1.45 50.31 ± 2.47 3.22 ± 0.51 女婴20例 33.00 ± 1.44 48.79 ± 2.50 2.86 ± 0.46 t 2.246 2.208 2.654 P 0.607 0.586 0.532 校正1月龄 男婴27例 35.68 ± 1.35 53.44 ± 3.09 4.21 ± 0.66 女婴11例 35.25 ± 1.60 53.03 ± 2.81 4.00 ± 0.66 t 0.829 0.380 0.915 P 0.462 0.821 0.806 校正3月龄 男婴10例 38.98 ± 1.19 60.69 ± 3.08 6.09 ± 0.80 女婴6例 39.33 ± 1.40 61.28 ± 1.93 6.13 ± 0.83 t −0.555 −0.421 −0.100 P 0.748 0.425 0.837 -
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