Environmental Sanitation Improvement on Environmental Microbe and Infections of Inpatients
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摘要:
目的 研究改善某市戒毒所内环境卫生后,监区内住院吸毒患者体液微生物及环境微生物培养阳性率有无改善。 方法 采集2018年2月至2021年12月某市戒毒所221名住院吸毒患者共计644份微生物培养标本,同时对同期戒毒所监区环境微生物采样,分析戒毒所环境卫生条件改善前后二者培养阳性率有无改变。 结果 环境改善后环境微生物培养阳性率显著低于环境改善前;监区环境卫生改善后,住院患者体液培养标本中肺炎克雷伯杆菌、抗酸杆菌检出率均降低,差异存在统计学意义(P < 0.05);监区卫生环境改善后,环境微生物中金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、表皮葡萄球菌检出阳性率较改善前显著下降(P < 0.05)。 结论 对戒毒所监区环境卫生进行干预能有效降低戒毒所环境微生物及住院学员体液微生物培养阳性率。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of the environmental sanitation improvement on the positive rate of environmental microbe culture and the body fluid culture of hospitalized drug abusers in an addiction treatment center. Methods From February 2018 to December 2021, a total of 644 microbial culture samples were collected from 221 hospitalized drug abusers in an addiction treatment center. Meanwhile, environmental microbe samples were collected from the prison area in the same center during the same period to analyze whether the positive culture rate of the two sets of samples changed after the improvement of environmental sanitation in this center. Results The positive rate of environmental microbe culture after environmental sanitation improvement was significantly lower than that before environmental sanitation improvement; After environmental sanitation was improved, the positive rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae and acid-fast bacillus culture was significantly lower than before (P < 0.05); After environmental sanitation was improved, the positive culture rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were markedly decreased (P < 0.05) than before. Conclusions Improvement of environmental sanitation in the prison area of an addiction treatment center can effectively reduce the positive culture rates of both environmental microbe and inpatients' body fluid samples. -
表 1 患者基线资料 [n(%)]
Table 1. Baseline data of patients [n(%)]
项目 例数 年龄(岁) <30 158 (71.4) ≥30 63 (28.5) 性别 男 127 (57.5) 女 94 (42.5) 受教育程度 小学及以下 25 (11.3) 初中 134 (60.6) 高中及以上 62 (28.1) 婚姻状态 已婚 176 (79.6) 未婚 45 (20.3) 吸毒时间(a) 0~3 146 (66.1) 3~5 56 (25.3) >5 19 (8.6) 吸烟 是 179 (81.0) 否 42 (19.0) 共用针具 有 65 (29.4) 无 156 (70.6) 戒毒史 有 112 (50.7) 无 109 (49.3) 表 2 住院吸毒患者体液培养阳性标本类型[n(%)]
Table 2. Body fluid types of culture- positive samples from hospitalized drug abusers [n(%)]
体液标本类型 改善前 改善后 痰 315 (81.02) 91(66.91) 伤口分泌物及脓液 42 (11.11) 21 (15.44) 血培养 30 (4.63) 9 (6.62) 灌洗液 10 (1.54) 6 (4.41) 尿培养 6 (0.93) 4 (2.94) 支刷物 2 (0.31) 1 (0.4) 阴道分泌物 2 (0.31) 3 (2.21) 胸水 1 (0.15) 1 (0.73) 共计 508(100) 136(100) 表 3 环境微生物培养情况(n)
Table 3. Environmental microbial culture analysis (n)
时间 总检测场所或物表个数 细菌培养阳性场所或物表个数 阳性率(%) χ2 P 改善前 30 24 80 60.01 < 0.001 改善后 30 5 16.67 *P < 0.05。 表 4 环境卫生改善前后住院吸毒学员体液培养与环境微生物培养结果比较 [n(%)]
Table 4. Comparison of hospitalized drug abusers’ body fluids and environmental microbe culture results before and after environmental sanitation improvement [n(%)]
感染细菌种类 住院吸毒学员体液微生物培养
阳性份数(n = 644)χ2 P 环境微生物检出
份数(n = 109)χ2 P 改善前 改善后 改善前 改善后 肺炎克雷伯杆菌 83(16.34) 13(9.56) 19.021 < 0.001* 17(21.25) 4(13.79) 5.708 0.017* 抗酸杆菌 258(50.79) 65(47.79) 19.825 < 0.001* 19(23.75) 5(17.24) 4.248 0.039* 铜绿假单胞菌 25(4.92) 4(2.94) 0.601 0.438 0(0.00) 1(3.45) - - 金黄色葡萄球菌 46(9.06) 11(8.08) 1.520 0.218 14(17.50) 4(13.79) 29.538 < 0.001* 分枝杆菌 45(8.86) 20(14.71) 1.714 0.190 0(0.00) 3(10.34) - - 大肠埃希菌 22(4.33) 8(5.88) 0.470 0.493 13(16.25) 4(13.79) 33.110 < 0.001* 表皮葡萄球菌 12(2.36) 2(1.47) 0.451 0.502 17(21.25) 5(17.24) 26.924 < 0.001* 溶血葡萄球菌 9(1.77) 8(5.88) 0.472 0.492 0(0.00) 2(6.90) - - 产气巴斯德氏菌 8(1.57) 5(3.68) 0.203 0.652 0(0.00) 1(3.45) - - 共计 508(100) 136(100) - - 80(100) 29(100) - - *P < 0.05。 -
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