Analysis of the Status and influencing Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy in Kunming
-
摘要:
目的 分析昆明市不同孕周孕妇缺铁性贫血(iron deficiency anemia,IDA)的患病率及影响因素,为该病的防治提供科学依据。 方法 问卷调查结合临床资料、实验室检查结果对2021年10月至2022年3月在云南省第一人民医院分娩的493例孕产妇进行研究,统计分析不同孕期铁缺乏(iron deficiency,ID)、IDA的患病率、孕妇的认知行为情况及缺铁性贫血的影响因素。 结果 中孕期铁缺乏ID及IDA患病率均最高,孕妇对补铁相关知识掌握不全面,孕妇的学历、产次、孕前BMI、科学补铁的知识行为因素是妊娠期IDA的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。 结论 昆明监测医院妊娠期ID、IDA检出率处于较低水平,但仍需结合现代网络教学工具来加强孕产妇科学补铁相关知识的宣教,从而最大程度来改善当地IDA的患病状况,参照国际经验予预防性补铁有望为当地该病的预防带来新的突破。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of iron-deficiency anemia among women in different pregnancy stages in Kunming, as so to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease. Methods A questionnaire survey combined with clinical data and laboratory test results were used to statistically analyze the prevalence of ID, IDA, cognitive behavior, and influencing factors among 493 pregnant women who gave birth in Yunnan First People’s Hospital from October 2021 to March 2021. Results The prevalence rates of ID and IDA in the second trimester were the highest, and pregnant women had incomplete knowledge about scientific iron supplementation. Factors such as educational background, income, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, and knowledge and behavior of scientific iron supplementation were related to iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rate of ID and IDA during pregnancy in Kunming Surveillance Hospital is at a low level, but it is still necessary to combine modern online teaching tools to strengthen the education of iron supplementation-related knowledgein maternity and obstetrics. Referring to international experience, preventive iron supplementation is expected to bring new breakthroughs in the prevention of this disease. -
Key words:
- Pregnancy /
- Iron deficiency anemia /
- Serum ferritin
-
表 1 不同妊娠时期ID、IDA情况描述 [n(%)]
Table 1. Description of ID and IDA in different pregnancy periods [n(%)]
孕期 IDA发生率 Hb(95%CI,g/L) ID发生率 SF(95%CI,μg/L) 早孕期 7(1.4) 134.90(134.00~135.80) 48(9.7) 75.30(70.57~80.03) 中孕期 44(8.9) 122.02(121.22~122.83) 258(52.3) 24.42(22.79~26.05) 晚孕期 29(5.9) 131.28(126.41~136.15) 252(51.1) 24.80(23.34~26.27) 总数 58(11.7) 129.40(127.71~131.10) 345(70.0) 41.53(39.41~43.65) 表 2 妊娠期缺铁性贫血的认知、行为情况
Table 2. Cognitive and behavioral status of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy
特征 n 百分比(%) 是否认识妊娠期贫血这个疾病 是 393 79.7 否 100 20.3 认识妊娠期贫血的途径 微信等网络工具 181 36.7 医师告知 244 49.5 孕妇学校 13 2.6 其他 55 11.2 自己是否有妊娠期贫血 有 125 25.4 不知道 55 11.2 没有 313 63.5 食物药物是否会影响铁的吸收 会 238 48.3 不会 255 51.7 何时服用铁剂补铁效果最佳 餐后 233 47.3 其他时间 260 52.7 表 3 妊娠期缺铁性贫血的单因素分析(n)
Table 3. Univariate analysis of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy (n)
指标 对照组 病例组 χ2/t P 年龄(岁) 6.317 0.012* < 35 348 38 ≥35 87 20 民族 0.119 0.730 汉族 346 45 少数民族 89 13 户口类型 0.548 0.459 农村户口 210 31 城市户口 225 27 人均收入(元) 5.310 0.021* 10万以下 287 47 10万以上 148 11 文化水平 21.856 < 0.001* 大专以下 111 32 大专及以上 324 26 是否认识IDA 0.007 0.935 认识 347 46 不认识 88 12 认识IDA的途径 22.267 < 0.001* 网络工具 171 10 医师告状 199 45 孕妇学校 12 1 其它 53 2 是否有IDA 15.633 < 0.001* 有 98 27 不知道 50 5 没有 287 26 食物、药物是否会影响铁剂吸收 5.008 0.025* 会 218 20 不会 217 23 补铁时间 19.549 0.001* 餐后 215 18 其它时间 220 40 分娩次数 4.691 0.030* ≤1次 260 26 ≥2次 175 32 产检次数($ \bar x \pm s $) 3.92 ± 0.33 3.86 ± 0.51 0.867 0.389 孕前BMI($ \bar x \pm s $) 21.67 ± 3.20 20.6 ± 2.34 2.980 0.004* 孕次($ \bar x \pm s $) 2.24 ± 1.21 2.07 ± 1.21 0.991 0.322 *P < 0.05。 表 4 赋值表
Table 4. Assignment table
变量 赋值 因变量 0 = 对照组,1 = 病例组 文化水平 0 = 大专及以上,1 = 大专以下 分娩次数 0 = ≤1次,1 = ≥2次 孕前BMI 连续变量 补铁时间 0 = 餐前,1 = 其它时间 表 5 影响贫血的多因素回归分析
Table 5. Multivariate regression analysis of anemia during Pregnancy
变量 B值 S.E Wald值 P值 OR值 95%CI 文化水平(大专以下) 1.34 0.30 20.55 < 0.001* 3.83 2.14~6.83 分娩次数(≥2次) 0.54 0.30 3.32 0.039* 1.71 1.06~3.06 孕前BMI 0.14 0.05 6.78 0.009* 1.15 1.03~1.27 补铁时间(其它时间) 0.86 0.31 7.75 0.005* 2.38 1.29~4.37 *P < 0.05。 -
[1] World Health Organization. The global prevalence of anaemia in 2011[R]. World Health Organization, 2015. [2] Means R T. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia:implications and impact in pregnancy,fetal development,and early childhood parameters[J]. Nutrients,2020,12(2):447. doi: 10.3390/nu12020447 [3] 国务院办公厅关于印发国民营养计划( 2017-2030年)的通知. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-07/13/content_5210134.htm. [4] 妊娠期铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血诊治指南[J]. 中华围产医学杂志, 2014, 17(7): 451-454. [5] Fan C L,Luo J Y,Gong W J,et al. Nested case-control study on associated factors for anemia during pregnancy[J]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi,2017,38(9):1269-1273. [6] Laflamme E M. Maternal hemoglobin concentration and pregnancy outcome:a study of the effects of elevation in El Alto,Bolivia[J]. McGill Journal of Medicine,2011,13(1):47. [7] Imai K. Parity-based assessment of anemia and iron deficiency in pregnant women[J]. Taiwan residents Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,2020,59(6):838-841. doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.09.010 [8] 和雯婷,吕军,甘晓卫等. 上海市孕妇对孕产期保健的认知行为现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国卫生事业管理,2012,29(08):626-629. [9] Xu X,Liu S,Rao Y,et al. Prevalence and sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of anemia during pregnancy:a cross-sectional study of pregnant women in China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2016,13(9):908. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13090908 [10] G F Gonzales,V Tapia,M Gasco. Correcting haemoglobin cut-offs to define anaemia in high-altitude pregnant women in Peru reduces adverse perinatal outcomes[J]. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics,2014,290(1):65-74. [11] 路利娟. 高海拔地区缺铁性贫血患者血清铁蛋白水平的探讨[D]. 西宁: 青海大学硕士论文, 2016. [12] 何国琳,孙鑫,谭婧,等. 中国部分城市妊娠期铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血患病率的调查[J]. 中华妇产科杂志,2018,53(11):761-767. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2018.11.006 [13] World Health Organization. Nutritional anaemias: tools for effective prevention and control[R]. 2017. [14] Kapil U,Kapil R,Gupta A. National Iron Plus Initiative:current status & future strategy[J]. The Indian Journal of Medical Research,2019,150(3):239. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1782_18 [15] Milman N. Iron in pregnancy–How do we secure an appropriate iron status in the mother and child?[J]. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,2011,59(1):50-54. doi: 10.1159/000332129