Analysis of the Clinical Data of 498 Adult Patients with Particularly Severe Burns
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摘要:
目的 分析498例成人特重度烧伤患者的临床特点。 方法 回顾性分析昆明医科大学第二附属医院2016年1月至2020年12月符合入选标准的498例特重度烧伤患者病历资料,对其性别、年龄、职业、烧伤原因、烧伤面积、烧伤深度、院前处理、急诊就医地点、并发症、是否手术治疗、治疗转归、住院时间、住院费用、医疗付费方式等进行统计分析。对数据进行χ2检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、Kruskal-Wallis H 检验、Fisher确切概率法分析、Binary Logistic回归分析。 结果 笔者单位5 a间共收治6023例烧伤住院患者,其中498例(8.27%)为符合入选标准的成人特重度烧伤。(1)受伤原因以热力烧伤为主,共462例(92.77%),其中火焰烧伤最多,为367例;男性明显多于女性(χ2 = 155.189,P < 0.001);受伤人群集中在青年组,为289例(58.03%);居住地农村多于城市,分布差异明显(χ2 = 33.936,P < 0.001);职业主要为农民(251例,50.40%)与工人(121例24.30%)。(2)受伤后创面予以冷水冲洗62例(12.45%),未予冷水冲洗436例(87.55%),创面经冷水冲洗患者的好转治愈率(77.42%)高于未冲洗患者(68.81%),死亡率低于未冲洗患者(6.45% < 10.32%)。(3)合并并发症340例次,前5位是吸入性损伤(56.18%)、低血容量性休克(26.47%)、低蛋白血症(18.24%)、肺部感染(17.35%)、脓毒症(12.06%),死亡的主要原因是吸入性损伤和脓毒症最终导致的多器官功能衰竭。(4)手术治疗320例(64.26%),未手术治疗178例(35.74%);治愈好转348例(69.88%),死亡49例(9.84%),自动出院101例(20.28%),不同治疗方式转归差异明显(Ζ = −8.310,P < 0.001)。(5)总体平均住院日为36(15,62)d。人均住院总费用为:140740.2250元。付费方式以自费335例(67.27%)占比最高。(6)各类因素经多重线性回归方程检验得出年龄、性别、烧伤总面积、III°烧伤面积、有无并发症、住院时间长短对特重度烧伤患者转归有影响,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 笔者单位收治的特重度烧伤患者男性多于女性,重体力工作者占主要部分。针对该地地区流行病学特点有效进行相关烧伤急救知识的科普与教育,能为后续治疗创造有利条件。紧跟医学发展,采用新技术有效治疗特重度烧伤相关并发症,建议采用以烧伤科治疗为主导多学科协作治疗以提高总体救治水平。加大医保政策的宣传力度,倡导全民积极参保,减少自费患者比例,减轻家庭负担。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of 498 adult patients with particularly severe burns. Methods We made a retrospective analysis of the medical records of the second affiliated hospital of Kunming medical university in January 2016 December 2020 498 cases with inclusion criteria, the gender, age, occupation, burn cause, burn area, burn depth, depth of hospital treatment, emergency treatment, compound injury, complications, surgical treatment, treatment, hospital time, hospital costs, medical payment. The data were performed χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Fisher exact probability method analysis, and Binary Logistic regression analys is). Results A total of 6, 023 hospitalized burn patients were admitted during the past five years, of which 498 patients (8.27%) were adults with particularly severe burns who met the inclusion criteria. (1) injuries were mainly caused by 462 (92.77%), with the most in 367; significantly more men than women (χ2 = 155.189, P < 0.001); concentrated in youth group, 289(58.03%), more in rural areas than cities (χ2 = 33.936, P < 0.001); occupation mainly farmers (251 cases, 50.40%) and workers (121, 24.30%). (2) After injury, 62 patients (12.45%) and 436 patients (87.55%) were not washed with cold water. The cure rate of patients with cold water washing was higher than that of unwashed patients, and the mortality rate was lower than that of unwashed patients. (3) With 340 complications, the top five were inhalation injury (56.18%), hypovolemic shock (26.47%), hypoproteinemia(18.24%), pulmonary infection (17.35%), and sepsis (12.06%). The main causes of death were mostly inhalation injury and sepsis and multiple organ failure. (4) treated 320 (64.26%), 178 (35.74%); 348 (69.88%), 49 (9.84%), 101 (20.28%), and different treatment methods (Ζ = −8.310, P < 0.001). (5) The overall average of hospital stay was 36 (15, 62) d. The total hospitalization cost per capita is: 140, 740.2250 yuan.The highest payment method was in 335 cases (67.27%). (6) In age, sex, total burn area, III burn area, presence of complications, and length of hospitalization affected the outcome of patients with severe burns, which were significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions The patients with severe burns were more male than female, and heavy manual workers accounted for the main part. According to the epidemiological characteristics of this area, the effective popularization and education of relevant burn emergency knowledge can create favorable conditions for subsequent treatment. Following the development of medicine, using new technologies to effectively treat complications related to particularly severe burns, it is recommended to use multidisciplinary treatment as the leading collaborative treatment to improve the overall treatment level. Strengthen the publicity of medical insurance policies, advocate the active participation of all people in the insurance, reduce the proportion of self-funded patients, and reduce the burden on their families. -
Key words:
- Special severe burn /
- Characteristics /
- Analysis
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表 1 498例住院病历烧伤原因分析(n)
Table 1. Analysis of burn causes in medical records of 498 inpatients (n)
致伤原因 热力烧伤 火焰烧伤 热液烫伤 电弧烧伤 热压伤 炽热金属 爆炸伤 热蒸汽 小计 电击伤 化学烧伤 发生例 367 66 6 1 14 5 3 462 19 17 发生率(%) 73.69 13.26 1.20 0.20 2.82 1.00 0.60 92.77 3.82 3.41 表 2 各年龄段职业分布情况[n(%)]
Table 2. Distribution of occupations in each age group [n(%)]
年龄组 农民 工人 自由择业者 无业人员 退休人员 学生 其他 合计 青年 138(27,71) 81(16.27) 39(7.83) 9(1.81) 0 2(0.40) 20(4.02) 289(58.03) 中年 76(15.26) 37(7.43) 14(2.81) 7(1.40) 3(0.60) 0 11(2.21) 148(29.72) 老年 37(7.43) 3(0.60) 1(0.20) 2(0.40) 14(2.81) 0 4(0.80) 61(12.25) 合计 251(50.40) 121(24.30) 54(10.84) 18(3.61) 17(3.41) 2(0,40) 35(7.04) 498(100) Fisher值 73.348 P < 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 3 不同付费方式住院时间及住院费用情况[n(%)]
Table 3. Length of hospitalization and hospitalization costs of different payment methods [n(%)]
付费方式 例数 住院天数(d) 住院费用(元) Mix 中位数 Max Mix 中位数 Max 自费 335(67.27) 1 35 254 553.47 135149.7800 1274656.28 医保 157(31.53) 1 38 146 4146.60 145738.4300 706265.51 工伤 3(0.60) 36 39 65 60876.29 472643.48 690041.27 公费 2(0.40) 41 98 155 510284.93 910219.55 1310154.17 商业保险 1(0.20) 13 13 13 240432.91 240432.91 240432.91 合计 498(100) 1 36 254 553.47 141623.35 1310154.17 表 4 不同治疗方案患者转归、住院时间及住院费用情况[n(%)]
Table 4. Patient outcomes,hospital stay and hospitalization costs of different treatment options [n(%)]
治疗方式 例数 治愈好转 自动出院 死亡 住院时间
[d,M(P25,P75)]住院费用
[元,M(P25,P75)]手术 320(64.26) 270(84.38) 24(7.50) 26(8.12) 51(32,74) 218401.2950
(133089.5850,381482.5025)未手术 178(35.74) 78(43.82) 77(43.26) 23(12.92) 11(2,26) 30802.5100
(10502.6255,70810.0475)合计 498(100) 348(69.88) 101(20.28) 49(9.84) 36(15,62) 140740.2250
(38851.7925,273427.3075)表 5 不同院前处理方式患者转归情况[n(%)]
Table 5. Patient outcomes in different pre-hospital treatments [n(%)]
院前处理 例数 治愈好转 自动出院 死亡 冷水冲洗 62(12.45) 48(77.42) 10(16.13) 4(6.45) 未用冷水冲洗 436(87.55) 300(68.81) 91(20.87) 45(10.32) 合计 498(100) 348(69.88) 101(20.28) 49(9.84) 表 6 影响治愈好转相关因素的logistic回归分析结果
Table 6. Results of logistic regression analysis affecting factors associated with cure improvement
因素 参数估计 标准误 Wald值 P值 OR值 95%CI 下限 上限 年龄 −0.074 0.020 14.002 < 0.001* 0.928 0.893 0.965 性别 −1.422 0.647 4.834 0.028* 0.241 0.068 0.857 烧伤总面积 −0.062 0.013 22.606 < 0.001* 0.940 0.916 0.964 III°烧伤面积 −0.031 0.010 10.494 < 0.001* 0.969 0.951 0.988 住院时间 0.061 0.015 16.514 < 0.001* 1.063 1.032 1.094 有无并发症 −2.678 0.640 17.502 < 0.001* 0.069 0.020 0.241 *P < 0.05。 表 7 影响自动出院相关因素的Logistic回归分析结果
Table 7. Results of logistic regression analysis affecting factors associated with automatic discharge
因素 参数估计 标准误 Wald值 P值 OR值 95%CI 下限 上限 烧伤总面积 −0.034 0.013 6.689 0.010* 0.966 0.942 0.992 住院时间 −0.076 0.021 12.592 < 0.001* 0.927 0.889 0.967 付费方式 25.652 0.485 2800.046 < 0.001* − − − 有无并发症 −2.026 0.628 10.403 < 0.001* 0.132 0.039 0.452 *P < 0.05。 -
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