Association between Morning Sickness and Depression in Pregnancy
-
摘要:
目的 探讨妊娠反应相关情况与孕期抑郁之间的关联。 方法 以在云南省3家医院进行产前检查的孕妇为研究对象,通过自制问卷收集孕妇信息,采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评定孕期抑郁。用卡方检验描述不同特征孕妇孕期抑郁发生情况,Logistic回归分析妊娠反应相关情况与孕期抑郁的关联。 结果 纳入6 075名孕妇,孕期抑郁的检出率为35.64%。单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、婚姻状况、居住地、职业状况、家庭年收入、文化程度、孕期、反应剧烈程度、反应持续时间和现阶段反应是否结束的孕妇孕期抑郁发生,差异均具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素结果显示,妊娠反应剧烈程度剧烈、持续10周及以上和反应尚未结束的孕妇发生孕期抑郁的风险增高。 结论 妊娠反应的剧烈程度和持续时间、目前反应是否结束与孕期抑郁存在关联。应加强妊娠相关知识的普及,减少孕期抑郁的发生,提高孕妇的心理健康水平。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the association between morning sickness and depression during pregnancy. Methods The pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination in 3 hospitals in Yunnan Province were selected. The information of pregnant women was collected by self-made questionnaire, and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was used to assess depression in pregnancy. Chi-square test was used to describe the occurrence of pregnancy depression in pregnant women with different characteristics, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between morning sickness and prenatal depression. Results A total of 6075 pregnant women were included, and the detection rate of depression during pregnancy was 35.64%. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in pregnancy depression among pregnant women with different age, marital status, place of residence, occupational status, family annual income, educational level, gestational week, severity of morning sickness, duration of morning sickness, and whether the morning sickness is over (P < 0.05). Multivariate results showed that pregnant women with severe morning sickness, lasting 10 weeks or more, and morning sickness that had not yet ended had an increased risk of depression during pregnancy. Conclusion The severity and duration of the morning sickness and whether it has ended are associated with depression during pregnancy. Health education on relevant infromation and knowledge should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of depression during pregnancy and improve the mental health of pregnant women. -
Key words:
- Pregnant woman /
- Morning Sickness /
- Pregnancy /
- Depression
-
表 1 研究对象的人口学特征[n(%)]
Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the subjects [n(%)]
变量 合计(n = 6075) 抑郁(n = 2165) 非抑郁(n = 3910) χ2 P 年龄(岁) 40.679 < 0.001* < 25 564(9.28) 258(45.74) 306(54.26) 25~34 4119(67.80) 1481(35.96) 2638(64.04) ≥35 1392(22.91) 426(30.60) 966(69.40) 婚姻状况 8.306 < 0.01* 有婚内配偶 5845(96.21) 2062(35.28) 3783(64.72) 未婚/离异 230(3.79) 103(44.78) 127(55.22) 民族 0.797 0.372 汉族 4764(78.42) 1712(35.94) 3052(64.06) 少数民族 1311(21.58) 453(34.55) 858(65.45) 居住地 24.404 < 0.001* 城镇 4197(69.09) 1410(33.60) 2787(66.40) 农村 1878(30.91) 755(40.20) 1123(59.80) 职业状况 13.127 < 0.001* 有 5268(86.72) 1831(34.76) 3437(65.24) 无 807(13.28) 334(41.39) 473(58.61) 家庭年收入(元) 5.540 < 0.05* 12万及以上 2457(40.44) 832(33.86) 1625(66.14) 12万以下 3618(59.56) 1333(36.84) 2285(63.16) 文化程度 19.373 < 0.001* 初中及以下 895(14.73) 367(41.01) 528(58.99) 高中/中专 1078(17.74) 396(36.73) 682(63.27) 大学/本科 3724(61.30) 1290(34.64) 2434(65.36) 研究生及以上 378(6.22) 112(29.63) 266(70.37) 孕前BMI(kg/m2) 3.624 0.305 < 18.5 866(14.26) 332(38.34) 534(61.66) 18.5~24 4014(66.07) 1420(35.38) 2594(64.62) 24~28 962(15.84) 335(34.82) 627(65.18) ≥28 233(3.84) 78(33.48) 155(66.52) 孕期 9.373 < 0.01* 孕早期 2693(44.33) 1017(37.76) 1676(62.24) 孕中期 3382(55.67) 1148(33.94) 2234(66.06) *P < 0.05。 表 2 妊娠反应与孕期抑郁的单因素分析[n(%)]
Table 2. Univariate analysis of pregnancy response and depression during pregnancy [n(%)]
变量 合计 抑郁 非抑郁 χ2 P 反应剧烈程度 70.937 < 0.001* 正常 3151(51.87) 974(30.91) 2177(69.09) 有点剧烈 2484(40.89) 987(39.73) 1497(60.27) 很剧烈 440(7.24) 204(46.36) 236(53.64) 反应持续时间(周) 5.985 < 0.05* < 10 4966(81.74) 1734(34.92) 3232(65.08) ≥10 1109(18.26) 431(38.86) 678(61.14) 反应是否结束 21.418 < 0.001* 是 3684(60.64) 1228(33.33) 2456(66.67) 否 2391(39.36) 937(39.19) 1454(60.81) *P < 0.05。 表 3 妊娠反应与孕期抑郁的多因素分析
Table 3. Multivariate analysis of pregnancy response and depression during pregnancy
变量 模型1 模型2 OR(95%CI) P OR(95%CI) P 反应剧烈程度 正常 1(ref) - 1(ref) - 有点剧烈 1.47(1.32,1.65) < 0.001* 1.46(1.30,1.63) < 0.001* 很剧烈 1.93(1.58,2.36) < 0.001* 1.91(1.56,2.34) < 0.001* 反应持续时间(周) < 10 1(ref) - 1(ref) - ≥10 1.18(1.04,1.35) < 0.05* 1.36(1.17,1.58) < 0.001* 反应是否结束 是 1(ref) - 1(ref) - 否 1.29(1.16,1.43) < 0.001* 1.28(1.12,1.47) < 0.001* 模型1:不调整混杂因素;模型2:调整年龄、婚姻状况、居住地、职业状况、家庭年收入、文化程度、孕周。*P < 0.05。 表 4 根据反应持续时间对不同反应程度孕妇孕期抑郁的分层分析
Table 4. Stratified analysis of depression in pregnant women with different response degrees according to response duration
反应持续时间(周) n 抑郁[n(%)] 模型1 模型2 OR(95%CI) P OR(95%CI) P < 10 正常 2731 826(30.25) 1(ref) - 1(ref) - 有点剧烈 1938 767(39.58) 1.51(1.34,1.71) < 0.001* 1.46(1.28,1.65) < 0.001* 很剧烈 297 141(47.47) 2.08(1.64,2.66) < 0.001* 1.98(1.55,2.52) < 0.001* ≥10 正常 420 148(35.24) 1(ref) - 1(ref) - 有点剧烈 546 220(40.29) 1.24(0.95,1.61) 0.109 1.30(0.99,1.69) 0.058 很剧烈 143 63(44.06) 1.45(0.98,2.13) 0.061 1.50(1.01,2.21) < 0.05* 模型1:不调整混杂因素;模型2:调整年龄、婚姻状况、居住地、职业状况、家庭年收入、文化程度、孕周。*P < 0.05。 -
[1] Nisar A,Yin J,Waqas A,et al. Prevalence of perinatal depression and its determinants in Mainland China:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Affect Disord,2020,277:1022-1037. [2] 陈璐,胡金萍,拓明花,等. 产前抑郁与产后抑郁症的相关性[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志,2020,24(3):330-334. [3] Tariq N,Naeem H,Tariq A,et al. Maternal depression and its correlates:A longitudinal study[J]. J Pak Med Assoc,2021,71(6):1618-1622. [4] 代小维,李秀秀. 孕期抑郁与早产的关系研究[J]. 中国妇幼保健,2019,34(4):792-796. [5] Li X,Gao R,Dai X,et al. The association between symptoms of depression during pregnancy and low birth weight:A prospective study[J]. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth,2020,20(1):147. [6] Dadi A F,Miller E R,Bisetegn T A,et al. Global burden of antenatal depression and its association with adverse birth outcomes:An umbrella review[J]. BMC Public Health,2020,20(1):173. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8293-9 [7] Míguez M C,Vázquez M B. Risk factors for antenatal depression:A review[J]. World J Psychiatr,2021,11(7):325-336. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i7.325 [8] 林鈺婷,杨敬红,张莉. 绵阳市初产妇妊娠反应的心理社会因素[J]. 四川精神卫生,2021,34(02):164-167. [9] 李洋,綦小蓉,赵斌. 爱丁堡产后抑郁量表在产前抑郁筛查中的应用研究[J]. 中国妇幼保健,2019,34(23):5381-5384. [10] 刘艳佳. 爱丁堡产后抑郁量表在产前抑郁中的测量等价性检验[D]. 荆州: 长江大学, 2018. [11] Cox J L,Holden J M,Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item edinburgh postnatal depression scale[J]. The British Journal of Psychiatry,1987,150(6):782-786. [12] 赵斌,陈飒,刘丹,等. 西安市区孕妇妊娠压力、抑郁状况影响因素调查研究[J]. 陕西医学杂志,2020,49(9):1191-1194. [13] 陈梦琪,马晓英,Xu Xiong,等. 妊娠早期抑郁的相关因素研究[J]. 中国妇幼保健,2017,32(3):451-454. [14] 谢悦,潘雄飞,赵志梅,等. 成都地区产前抑郁现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国计划生育和妇产科,2019,11(12):36-40. [15] Hizli D,Kamalak Z,Kosus A,et al. Hyperemesis gravidarum and depression in pregnancy:Is there an association?[J]. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology,2012,33(4):171-175. [16] Mitchell-Jones N,Gallos I,Farren J,et al. Psychological morbidity associated with hyperemesis gravidarum:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BJOG,2017,124(1):20-30. [17] Senturk M B,Yıldız G,Yıldız P,et al. The relationship between hyperemesis gravidarum and maternal psychiatric well-being during and after pregnancy:Controlled study[J]. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med,2017,30(11):1314-1319. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1212331 [18] 王文霞,王颖. 妊娠早期妇女抑郁的相关因素分析[J]. 临床研究,2013,11(21):220-222. [19] 吴晓栋. 妊娠早期妇女焦虑抑郁情绪的调查和干预对策[J]. 全科医学临床与教育,2010,8(6):655-656. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3686.2010.06.016 [20] Duman N B,Ozcan O,B. ostanci M O M. Hyperemesis gravidarum affects maternal sanity,thyroid hormones and fetal health:A prospective case control study[J]. Arch Gynecol Obstet,2015,292(2):307-312. doi: 10.1007/s00404-015-3632-2 [21] 尹燕,高彩云,席丽,等. 早孕反应时绒毛膜促性腺激素水平、甲状腺功能及孕妇心理状态的研究[J]. 中国妇幼卫生杂志,2016,7(6):58-60. [22] Kasap E,Aksu E E,Gur E B,et al. Investigation of the relationship between salivary cortisol dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate,anxiety,and depression in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum[J]. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal,2016,29(22):3686-3689. [23] 杨蕊,胡洁蔓,朴丽,等. 妊娠剧吐相关危险因素的研究新进展[J]. 中国妇幼保健,2016,31(10):2227-2229.