Intraoperative Nalmefene Reduces Remifentanil-induced Postoperative Hyperalgesia
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摘要:
目的 探讨小剂量纳美芬对高剂量瑞芬太尼所致患者术后痛觉敏化的影响。 方法 择期行单侧甲状腺切除手术的90例患者,随机分为3组:低剂量瑞芬太尼组(LR组)、高剂量瑞芬太尼组(HR组)、高剂量瑞芬太尼+低剂量纳美芬组(HR+LN组)。采用触觉测量套件测量患者手术切口周围区域机械刺激痛的感觉阈值。研究的主要观察指标是术后切口周围的机械痛阈值;次要观察指标是术后疼痛评分、补救镇痛药物的使用和相关不良反应。 结果 术后24 h,HR组切口周围的机械痛阈值:3.5(3.3~3.7)与术前:3.7(3.6~4.2)相比明显下降(P = 0.002);且HR组切口周围的机械痛阈值:3.5(3.3~3.7)明显低于LR组:[3.7(3.3~4.2),P = 0.022];和HR + LN组:[3.7(3.4~4.1),P = 0.03]。术后48 h,HR组切口周围的机械痛阈值:3.6(3.3~3.7)仍低于术前,P = 0.017;且明显低于LR组:[3.8(3.5~4.2),P = 0.016];和HR + LN组:[3.8(3.5~4.1),P = 0.02]。HR组患者术后6 h、术后24 h NRS评分高于LR组 (P = 0.01,6 h;P = 0.007,24 h)和HR+LN组(P = 0.038,6 h;P = 0.02,24 h),差异有统计学意义。术后6 h,HR组补救镇痛的患者例数明显多于LR组和HR + LN组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。3组患者不良反应的发生没有差异( P > 0.05)。 结论 小剂量纳美芬能够减轻高剂量瑞芬太尼诱发的甲状腺切除手术患者术后的痛觉敏化。 Abstract:Objective Intraoperative use of a high-dose remifentanil may induce postoperative hyperalgesia. This paper aims to investigate whether low-dose nalmefene can prevent the postoperative hyperalgesia induced by high-dose remifentanil. Methods Ninety patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 0.1 ug/kg/min of remifentanil (LR), 0.3 μg/kg/min of remifentanil (HR), 0.3 μg/kg/min of remifentanil with 0.1 μg/kg/h nalmefene (HR+LN) in each group. The pain thresholds to mechanical stimuli were measured by using von frey filaments on the peri-incision area 24 h and 48 h after the surgery. Also the pain intensity, additional analgesics consumption and adverse events up to 48 h were measured after the surgery. Results The pain threshold on the peri-incision area was significantly lower in the HR group at 24 h after the surgery than the preoperative baseline (P = 0.002). Furthermore, it was decreased in the HR group compared with the LR (P = 0.022) and HR+LN (P = 0.03) groups at 24 h after the surgery. The pain threshold on the peri-incision area still significantly decreased in the HR group at 48 h after surgery compared with the preoperative baseline (P = 0.017). Furthermore, it was also decreased in the HR group compared with the LR (P = 0.016) and HR+LN (P = 0.02) groups at 48 h after the surgery. Postoperative pain intensity presented as NRS scores were significantly higher in the HR group than in the LR at 6 h ( P = 0.01), 24 h (P = 0.007) and HR+LN at 6 h ( P = 0.038), 24 h (P = 0.02) groups after the surgery. The number of patients who requested additional analgesics at 6 h after surgery was significantly higher in the HR group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Postoperative adverse events were similar between groups. Conclusion Low dose nalmefene can prevent the postoperative hyperalgesia induced by high-dose remifentanil in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. -
Key words:
- Remifentanil /
- Hyperalgesia /
- Nalmefene
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表 1 3组患者一般情况的比较( $ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 1. Comparison of general conditions among three groups of patients ( $ \bar x \pm s $)
项目 LR组
(n = 30)HR组
(n = 30)HR+LN组
(n = 30)F/χ2 P 性别(男/女) 5/25 6/24 4/26 0.480 0.787 年龄(岁) 47.8 ± 8.3 48.3 ± 6.1 48.8 ± 7.0 0.143 0.867 体重(kg) 58.0 ± 6.9 61.3 ± 9.5 60.4 ± 8.5 1.268 0.287 瑞芬用量(μg) 742.7 ± 144.2 2313.0 ± 592.4* 2354.8 ± 601.2* 103.630 < 0.001* 纳美芬(μg) 0 0 13.0 ± 3.3 麻醉时间(min) 128.3 ± 21.2 125.9 ± 25.3 130.2 ± 28.5 0.226 0.798 手术时间(min) 105.0 ± 21.8 103.5 ± 23.1 107.4 ± 24.8 0.210 0.811 阿托品[n(%)] 1(3.3) 7(23.3) 4(13.3) 5.192 0.075 麻黄碱[n(%)] 2(6.6) 9(30) 6(20) 5.367 0.068 与LR组比较,*P < 0.05。 表 2 3组患者机械痛阈值比较 M(IQR)
Table 2. Comparison of mechanical pain thresholds in three groups of patients M (IQR)
组别 n 切口周围机械痛阈值 前臂机械痛阈值 术前 术后24 h 术后48 h 术前 术后24 h 术后48 h LR组 30 4.2(3.5~4.3) 3.7(3.3~4.2) 3.8(3.5~4.2) 4.1(3.6~4.3) 4.1(3.6~4.2) 4.2(3.6~4.3) HR组 30 3.7(3.6~4.2) 3.5(3.1~3.7)*# 3.6(3.3~4.7)*# 3.9(3.6~4.3) 3.7(3.6~4.1) 4.0(3.6~4.2) HR+LN组 30 4.2(3.6~4.2) 3.7(3.4~4.1) 3.8(3.5~4.1) 4.1(3.6~4.2) 4.1(3.6~4.1) 4.1(3.6~4.2) χ2 1.361 6.715 7.556 0.207 1.248 0.27 P 0.506 0.035* 0.023* 0.901 0.536 0.874 与LR组比较,*P < 0.05;与HR+LN组比较, #P < 0.05。 表 3 麻醉过程中平均动脉压和心率的变化( $ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 3. Changes of mean arterial pressure and heart rate at different time points ( $ \bar x \pm s $)
指标 组别 n 诱导前 插管前 插管后即刻 切皮时 缝皮时 拔管时 MAP
(mmHg)LR组 30 90.3 ± 9.3 75.8 ± 7.7 102.5 ± 10.4 87.3 ± 14.6 83.9 ± 11.5 103.0 ± 12.0 HR组 30 92.4 ± 11.2 73. 6 ± 8.1 96.1 ± 9.4* 77.2 ± 13.7* 80.9 ± 12.0 102.1 ± 9.9 HR+LN组 30 90.8 ± 10.0 74.8 ± 6.2 95.2 ± 7.7* 78.4 ± 12.7* 81.6 ± 11.3 99.9 ± 11.6 F 0.332 0.663 5.473 4.840 0.571 0.598 P 0.719 0.518 0.006 0.010 0.567 0.552 HR
(次/min)LR组 30 79.2 ± 10.2 77.3 ± 8.3 87.8 ± 9.1# 75.8 ± 11.5 69.7 ± 11.6 89.4 ± 9.0 HR组 30 81.3 ± 8.8 78.3 ± 9.5 82.2 ± 9.3 68.8 ± 10.2* 65.8 ± 9.2 88.1 ± 10.2 HR+LN组 30 78.3 ± 9.9 75.5 ± 10.6 80.5 ± 10.1 69.0 ± 10.5 66.7 ± 8.8 87.2 ± 6.8 F 0.744 0.675 4.828 4.096 1.238 0.452 P 0.478 0.512 0.01* 0.02* 0.295 0.638 与LR组比较,*P < 0.05;与HR+LN组比较, #P < 0.05。 表 4 术后各时间点的NRS评分( $ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 4. NRS score at each time point after operation ( $ \bar x \pm s $)
组别 n 术后1 h 术后6 h 术后24 h 术后48 h LR组 30 4.5 ± 0.7 3.4 ± 0.5 2.2 ± 0.4 1.5 ± 0.6 HR组 30 4.4 ± 0.7 3.7 ± 0.6*# 2.4 ± 0.5*# 1.7 ± 0.5 HR+LN组 30 4.3 ± 0.8 3.4 ± 0.4 2.1 ± 0.4 1.5 ± 0.4 F 0.603 4.789 1.793 0.994 P 0.549 0.011 0.172 0.374 与LR组比较,*P < 0.05;与HR+LN组比较, #P < 0.05。 表 5 术后需补救镇痛的患者[n(%)]
Table 5. Patient receiving rescue analgesics [n(%)]
组别 n 术后1h 术后6h LR组 30 22(73.3) 1(3.3) HR组 30 19(63.3) 8(26.6)*# HR+LN组 30 17(56.6) 1(3.3) χ2 1.843 11.025 P 0.398 0.004 与LR组比较,*P < 0.05;与HR+LN组比较, #P < 0.05。 表 6 术后不良反应[n(%)]
Table 6. Adverse reactions after operation [n(%)]
组别 n 恶心 呕吐 头晕 嗜睡 呼吸抑制 LR组 30 5(16.6) 1(3.3) 6(20) 1(3.3) 0 HR组 30 8(26.6) 5(16.6) 9(30) 3(10) 0 HR+LN组 30 7(23.3) 3(10) 7(23.3) 2(6.6) 0 χ2 0.900 2.963 0.842 1.071 P 0.638 0.227 0.656 0.585 -
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