Clinical Application of Ultrasound-guided Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter in Neonates with Vascular Access Difficulties
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摘要:
目的 探讨超声引导下经外周置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)在新生儿穿刺困难中的临床应用。 方法 选取2019年1月至2021年4月于昆明市儿童医院新生儿科同一组专业的PICC管理团队小组评估为穿刺困难的104例新生儿为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各52例。对照组采取传统盲穿置管,观察组采取超声引导下置管,比较2组患儿在穿刺次数、留置时间、一次性穿刺成功率、一次性置管成功率、留置时间等方面的差异。 结果 观察组的平均穿刺次数以及置管时间均少于对照组;观察组一次性穿刺成功率、一次性置管成功率均高于对照组;观察组留置时间长于对照组;差异均有统计学意义 ( P < 0.05)。观察组穿刺时周围组织损伤、经皮氧饱和度下降的发生率均低于对照组;观察组穿刺后维护期并发症的总发生率低于对照组;差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 穿刺困难新生儿行PICC时,经超声引导,在穿刺过程中可有效减少穿刺次数及置管时间,提高一次性穿刺成功率及一次性置管成功率,并且增加了留置时间,值得临床推广。 -
关键词:
- 超声 /
- 新生儿 /
- 经外周置入中心静脉导管 /
- 血管通路 /
- 穿刺困难
Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical application of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) guided by ultrasound in neonates with vascular access difficulties. Methods From January 2019 to April 2021, 104 neonates with vascular access difficulties identified by the PICC management team in the Department of Neonatology of Kunming Children’s Hospital were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 52 neonates in each group. The control group received traditional catheterization, while the observation group was treated with ultrasound-guided catheterization. The differences in inserting times, indwelling time, one-time insertion success rate, one-time catheterization success rate, and indwelling time between the two groups were compared. Results The average inserting times and catheterization time of the observation group were less than those of the control group. The success rate of one-time puncture and one-time catheterization in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. The indwelling time in the observation group was longer than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of peripheral tissue injury and percutaneous oxygen saturation decline during puncture in the observation group were lower than those in the control group. The total incidences of postoperative complications in the observation group were lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion During PICC for neonates with difficult access, ultrasound guidance can effectively reduce the number of puncture and catheterization time, improve the success rate of one-time puncture and one-time catheterization, and increase the indwelling time, which is of clinical application value. -
表 1 2组患儿一般资料比较 [n(%)/(
$ \bar x \pm s$ )]Table 1. Comparison of general data between the two groups [n(%)/(
$ \bar x \pm s$ )]项目 对照组(n = 52) 观察组(n = 52) χ2/t P 性别 0.346 0.556 男性 25(48.1) 28(53.8) 女性 27(51.9) 24(46.2) 穿刺日龄(d) 15.31 ± 9.54 15.21 ± 9.99 0.052 0.958 穿刺体重(kg) 3.30 ± 0.81 3.26 ± 0.79 0.029 0.977 有创呼吸机支持 是 6(11.5) 7(13.5) 0.088 0.767 否 46(88.5) 45(86.5) 无创呼吸机支持 是 11(21.2) 9(17.3) 0.248 0.619 否 41(78.8) 43(82.7) 穿刺部位 0.082 0.941 腋静脉 22(42.3) 17(32.7) 股静脉 16(30.8) 22(42.3) 贵要静脉 2(3.9) 4(7.7) 肘正中静脉 6(11.5) 5(9.6) 颈外静脉 6(11.5) 4(7.7) 表 2 2组患儿穿刺就留置情况比较 (
$ \bar x \pm s$ )Table 2. Comparison of puncture indwelling between the two groups (
$ \bar x \pm s$ )项目 对照组(n = 52) 观察组(n = 52) t/χ2 P 穿刺次数(次) 1.92 ± 0.70 1.21 ± 0.49 5.992 < 0.001* 置管时间(min) 40.77 ± 6.89 38.46 ± 4.45 2.031 0.044* 一次性穿刺成功率 27/52(51.9) 45/52(86.5) 14.625 < 0.001* 一次性置管成功率 24/52(46.2) 44/52(84.6) 16.993 < 0.001* 留置时间(d) 21.13 ± 14.09 27.69 ± 15.78 2.236 0.028* *P < 0.05。 表 3 2组患儿并发症比较 [n(%)]
Table 3. Comparison of complications between the two groups [n(%)]
项目 对照组(n = 52) 观察组(n = 52) χ2 P 穿刺时并发症 周围组织损伤 9(17.3) 2(3.8) 4.981 0.026* 经皮氧饱和度下降 11(21.1) 2(3.8) 7.121 0.008* 穿刺后维护期并发症 静脉血栓 1(1.9) 0(0.0) _# 1.000 导管相关感染 6(11.5) 2(3.8) 2.167 0.141 机械性静脉炎 5(9.6) 2(3.8) 1.378 0.240 *P < 0.05;#Fisher确切概率法。 -
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