Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Neonatal Rotavirus Infection from 2020 to 2022
-
摘要:
目的 研究新生儿轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV) 感染流行病学特征,为临床疾病治疗、预防及医院制定RV感染的防治策略提供参考。 方法 回顾性收集2020年1月至2022年12月入住云南省某三甲儿童医院新生儿科患儿临床资料,使用A群轮状病毒检测试剂(胶体金法)检测粪便RV抗原,应用SPSS 26.0对RV感染新生儿的临床及流行病学数据进行比较分析。 结果 16 761例新生儿患者中有261例检出RV感染,感染率为1.56%,其中2020年至2022年感染率分别为1.97%(124/6298),1.01%(57/5660),1.67%(80/4803)。男性患儿RV感染率为1.39%,女性为1.79%,两者RV感染率,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。日龄≤7 d的新生儿RV感染率明显低于日龄8~28 d的新生儿,2者差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。2020年至2022年新生儿春、夏、秋、冬RV感染率分别为2.64%(102/3866),1.58%(71/4502),0.63%(28/4450),1.52%(60/3943),RV感染率,差异有统计学意义 (P < 0.05)。患儿不同来源地区感染率排名前四的州(市)分别是迪庆州7.14%(3/42),普洱市2.82%(2/71),红河州2.31%(8/346),文山州2.19%(3/137)。新生儿RV感染中社区感染占62.07%(162/261),医院内感染占37.93%(99/261)。有22.22%(58/261)的患儿为无症状感染,77.78%(203/261)的患儿有腹泻、发热和呕吐等RV感染相关临床症状。不同民族(χ2 = 7.945,P < 0.05)、不同RV抗原检测结果(χ2 = 5.007,P < 0.05)的新生儿RV感染有无症状,差异有统计学意义。 结论 住院新生儿RV感染率总体较低,以晚期新生儿RV感染最为常见,经济水平相对落后的地区感染率较高。建议提高对新生儿RV感染的重视,加强对照护者的健康教育,并制定综合防治措施,从源头上控制新生儿轮状病毒感染。 Abstract:Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of neonatal rotavirus (RV) infection, and to provide the guidance for the treatment and prevention of clinical diseases and the formulation of prevention and treatment strategies for RV infection in hospitals. Methods The clinical data of newborns admitted to a 3A children’s hospital in Yunnan Province were retrospectively collected from January 2020 to December 2022. The RV antigen in feces was detected by group A rotavirus detection reagent (colloidal gold method), and the clinical and epidemiological data of neonatal RV infection were compared and analyzed by SPSS 26.0. Results There were 261 cases of RV infection in 16761 newborn patients, and the infection rate was 1.56%, of which the infection rates in 2020-2022 were 1.97% (124/6298), 1.01% (57/5660) and 1.67% (80/4803) respectively. The RV infection rate of male children was 1.39%, while that of female children was 1.79%, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The infection rate of rotavirus in newborns aged ≤7 days was significantly lower than that in newborns aged 8~28 days, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). From 2020 to 2022, the neonatal RV infection rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 2.64% (102/3866), 1.58% (71/4502), 0.63% (28/4450) and 1.52% (60/3943) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).The top four states (cities) of neonatal RV infection rates in different origin areas were 7.14% (3/42) in Diqing, 2.82% (2/71) in Pu’er, 2.31% (8/346) in Honghe and 2.19% (3/137) in Wenshan. Community infection accounted for 62.07% (162/261) and hospital infection accounted for 37.93% (99/261). There were 22.22% (58/261) children with asymptomatic infection, and 77.78% (203/261) children with RV infection-related clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, fever and vomiting. There are differences between the different nationalities (χ2 = 7.945, P < 0.05) and different RV antigen test results (χ2 = 5.007, P < 0.05) in the presence or absence of symptoms of RV infection in newborns. Conclusion RV infection rate of hospitalized newborns is generally low, especially in late newborns, and the infection rate is higher in areas with relatively backward economic level. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to RV infection in newborns, health education for caregivers should be strengthened and comprehensive prevention measures should be formulated to control the neonatal rotavirus infection from the source. -
Key words:
- Neonatal /
- Rotavirus /
- Infection /
- Epidemiology
-
表 1 2020至2022年新生儿轮状病毒感染性别特征[n(%)]
Table 1. Gender characteristics of neonatal rotavirus infection from 2020 to 2022 [n(%)]
性别 2020年 2021年 2022年 合计 χ2 P n 阳性 n 阳性 n 阳性 n 阳性 男 3651 64(1.75) 3328 30(0.90) 2799 42(1.50) 9778 136(1.39) 4.235 0.040* 女 2647 60(2.27) 2332 27(1.16) 2004 38(1.90) 6983 125(1.79) 合计 6298 124(1.97) 5660 57(1.01) 4803 80(1.67) 16761 261(1.56) *P < 0.05。 表 2 2020至2022年不同日龄新生儿轮状病毒感染特征[n(%)]
Table 2. Characteristics of rotavirus infection in newborns of different ages from 2020 to 2022 [n(%)]
日龄(d) 2020年 2021年 2022年 合计 n 阳性 n 阳性 n 阳性 n 阳性 ≤7 3352 30(0.89) 2781 14(0.50) 2781 17(0.76) 8383 61(0.73) 8~28 2946 94(2.27) 2879 43(1.49) 2879 63(2.47) 8378 200(2.39) 合计 6298 124(1.97) 5660 57(1.01) 4803 80(1.67) 16761 261(1.56) χ2 42.817 13.911 21.405 75.282 P < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 3 2020至2022年新生儿轮状病毒感染季节特征[n(%)]
Table 3. Seasonal characteristics of neonatal rotavirus infection from 2020 to 2022 [n(%)]
季节 2020年 2021年 2022年 合计 n 阳性 n 阳性 n 阳性 n 阳性 春季 1517 42(2.77) 1206 27(2.24) 1143 33(2.89) 3866 102(2.64) 夏季 1718 33(1.92) 1494 9(0.60) 1290 29(2.25) 4502 71(1.58) 秋季 1672 15(0.90) 1591 8(0.50) 1187 5(0.42) 4450 28(0.63) 冬季 1391 34(2.44) 1369 13(0.95) 1183 13(1.10) 3943 60(1.52) 合计 6298 124(1.97) 5660 57(1.01) 4803 80(1.67) 16761 261(1.56) χ2 16.627 24.911 26.627 54.524 P 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* < 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 4 2020至2022年新生儿轮状病毒感染地区特征[n(%)]
Table 4. Regional characteristics of neonatal rotavirus infection from 2020 to 2022 [n(%)]
地区 2020年 2021年 2022年 合计 n 阳性 n 阳性 n 阳性 n 阳性 昆明市 4420 92(2.08) 3957 36(0.91) 3467 56(1.62) 11844 184(1.55) 保山市 40 0(0.00) 35 1(2.86) 45 0(0.00) 120 1(0.83) 楚雄 264 3(1.14) 264 1(0.38) 241 4(1.66) 769 8(1.04) 大理 48 1(2.08) 39 1(2.56) 35 0(0.00) 122 2(1.64) 迪庆 13 0(0.00) 21 2(9.52) 8 1(12.50) 42 3(7.14) 红河 153 2(1.31) 107 4(3.74) 86 2(2.33) 346 8(2.31) 丽江 45 1(2.22) 47 0(0.00) 33 0(0.00) 125 1(0.80) 临沧 64 0(0.00) 59 0(0.00) 61 1(1.64) 184 1(0.54) 普洱 26 0(0.00) 30 2(6.67) 15 0(0.00) 71 2(2.82) 曲靖 377 10(2.65) 310 3(0.97) 195 4(2.05) 882 17(1.93) 文山 57 1(1.75) 51 1(1.96) 29 1(3.45) 137 3(2.19) 玉溪 257 8(3.11) 256 1(0.39) 224 3(1.34) 737 12(1.63) 昭通 274 4(1.46) 306 3(0.98) 235 4(1.70) 815 11(1.35) 怒江 15 0(0.00) 6 0(0.00) 7 0(0.00) 28 0(0.00) 德宏 2 0(0.00) 1 0(0.00) 2 0(0.00) 5 0(0.00) 西双版纳 28 0(0.00) 16 0(0.00) 26 0(0.00) 70 0(0.00) 其他省份 215 2(0.93) 155 2(1.29) 94 4(4.26) 464 8(1.72) 合计 6298 124(1.97) 5660 57(1.01) 4803 80(1.67) 16761 261(1.56) χ2 9.618 39.381 13.513 17.141 P 0.886 0.001* 0.635 0.377 *P < 0.05。 表 5 新生儿轮状病毒感染临床特征分析[n(%)]
Table 5. Analysis of clinical characteristics of neonatal rotavirus infection [n(%)]
因素 临床症状 χ2 P 有 无 民族 7.945 0.005* 汉族 178(80.91) 42(19.09) 少数民族 25(60.98) 16(39.02) 胎龄 1.811 0.445 早产儿 15(68.18) 7(31.82) 足月儿 187(78.57) 51(21.43) 过期产儿 1(100.00) 0(0.00) 喂养方式 0.952 0.621 人工喂养 77(74.76) 26(25.24) 母乳喂养 60(78.95) 16(21.05) 混合喂养 66(80.49) 16(19.51) 出生体重 3.162 0.206 低出生体重儿 11(64.71) 6(35.29) 正常出生体重儿 184(79.31) 48(20.69) 巨大儿 8(66.67) 4(33.33) 分娩方式 0.012 0.914 顺产 142(77.60) 41(22.40) 剖宫产 61(78.21) 17(21.79) 抗原检测结果 5.007 0.025* 阳性(+) 131(82.39) 28(17.61) 弱阳性(±) 72(70.59) 30(29.41) *P < 0.05。 -
[1] Lee B. Update on rotavirus vaccine underperformance in low- to middle-income countries and next-generation vaccines[J]. Hum Vaccin Immunother,2021,17(6):1787-1802. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1844525 [2] 陈坤,刘小利,王盈盈,等. 婴幼儿急性肠炎中轮状病毒检验及结果分析[J]. 国际儿科学杂志,2018,45(6):493-494,497. [3] 曹亿会,杨景晖,姜黎黎,等. 2017-2019年我国西南地区病毒性腹泻病原检测分析[J]. 公共卫生与预防医学,2021,32(1):10-13. [4] Li J, Wang H, Li D, et al. Infection status and circulating strains of rotaviruses in Chinese children younger than 5-years old from 2011 to 2018: Systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2021, 17(6): 1811-1817. [5] 甸子芩,樊茂,蒋红君,等. 2015-2017年云南省轮状病毒感染情况及基因分型分析[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志,2019,14(1):78-82,87. [6] 袁娇,汪际英,朱冬庆. 2016-2018年新生儿重症监护室内轮状病毒感染流行病学特点分析[J]. 现代预防医学,2019,46(21):3902-3905. [7] 许小艳,甸子芩,杨景晖,等. 11620例住院新生儿中轮状病毒感染及其特征分析[J]. 国际儿科学杂志,2021,48(7):503-506. [8] 郑灵玲,李世贤,李倩倩,等. 乌鲁木齐2009-2010年新生儿轮状病毒感染及其影响因素分析[J]. 中华全科医学,2018,16(12):2045-2048,2071. [9] Ahmed A A,Abedalthagafi M. Cancer diagnostics: The journey from histomorphology to molecular profiling[J]. Oncotarget,2016,7(36):58696-58708. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.11061 [10] 郑灵玲,李倩倩,杨学磊. 新生儿轮状病毒感染筛查及影响因素分析[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志,2015,10(2):109-112. [11] 张谦慎. 初乳在超低出生体重儿中的应用[J]. 中华围产医学杂志,2013,16(7):394-396. [12] 骆洪梅,冉陆,孟玲,等. 2005-2018年中国5岁以下轮状病毒腹泻报告病例流行特征分析[J]. 中华预防医学杂志,2020,54(2):181-186. [13] 李锦,汪萍,何祥英,等. 新生儿轮状病毒感染流行病学特征分析[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志,2017,12(9):883-886. [14] 邓晓辉,康亚辉,张丽秀,等. 2017-2019年新生儿轮状病毒感染流行病学特征分析[J]. 中国妇幼保健,2022,37(14):2621-2624.