Effect of Behavioral Change Wheel Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Nursing on Pulmonary Rehabilitation Compliance and Health Literacy in Patients with COPD
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摘要:
目的 提高慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的肺康复依从性和健康素养。 方法 选取96例COPD患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为试验组和对照组,每组各48例。对照组给予常规护理、健康教育和家庭肺康复指导,试验组实施以行为改变轮模式(BCW)理论为指导的肺康复干预,包括呼吸训练、肌肉放松训练、呼吸操训练、原地踏步和步行训练。比较组干预后6个月的肺康复依从性、健康素养水平、改良英国医学研究委员会呼吸问卷(mMRC)评分、COPD评估测试(CAT)评分和肺功能指标。 结果 干预后试验组肺康复依从性完全依从的比例(60.4%)优于对照组(25%),2组患者健康素养水平、mMRC评分、CAT评分、肺功能指标均有所改善,组间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 以BCW理论为指导的肺康复干预方案可有效提高COPD患者的肺康复依从性和健康素养水平,改善患者肺功能和生活质量。 Abstract:Objective To improve pulmonary rehabilitation compliance and health literacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods A total of 96 COPD patients were selected as research subjects and divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method, with 48 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing, health education and family pulmonary rehabilitation guidance, and the experimental group received pulmonary rehabilitation intervention guided by BCW theory, including breathing exercise, muscle relaxation exercise, breathing exercise exercise, walking and marching exercise. Pulmonary rehabilitation compliance, health literacy levels, improved Medical Research Council Respiratory Questionnaire (mMRC) scores, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores and pulmonary function indicators were compared between the two groups at 6 months after intervention. Results After intervention, the proportion of complete compliance of pulmonary rehabilitation compliance in the experimental group (60.4%) was better than that in the control group (25%). The level of health literacy, mMRC score, CAT score and pulmonary function index of the two groups were improved, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The BCW-guided pulmonary rehabilitation intervention program can effectively improve the compliance of pulmonary rehabilitation and health literacy of patients with COPD, improve the lung function and quality of life of patients. -
表 1 2组患者一般资料比较[n(%)/(
$\bar x \pm s $ )]Table 1. Comparison of general data between the two groups [n(%)/(
$\bar x \pm s $ )]项目 分类 试验组(n = 48) 对照组(n = 48) χ2/t P 年龄(岁) 64.54 ± 9.30 64.73 ± 10.58 0.092 0.927 性别 男 40(75.0) 36(79.2) 1.001 0.315 女 8(25.0) 12(20.8) 文化程度 小学及以下 29(60.4) 26(54.2) 2.859 0.239 初中/高中 18(37.5) 17(35.4) 大专及以上 1(2.1) 5(10.4) 职业 体力劳动者 30(62.5) 24(50.0) 2.133 0.344 脑力劳动者 4(8.3) 8(16.7) 离退休老年人 14(29.2) 16(33.3) 医疗付费方式 职工医保 14(29.2) 18(37.5) 1.056 0.788 城镇居民医保 10(20.8) 7(14.6) 农村合作医疗 19(39.6) 18(37.5) 其他 5(10.4) 5(10.4) 病程(a) 5.21±4.93 5.81±4.44 0.631 0.530 合并其他慢性病 无 23(47.9) 32(66.7) 3.448 0.063 有 25(52.1) 16(33.3) 是否吸烟 不吸烟 9(18.8) 13(27.1) 1.773 0.412 已戒烟 36(75.0) 30(62.5) 仍吸烟 3(6.3) 59(10.4) BMI (kg/m2) 22.18 ± 4.13 21.50 ± 3.46 −0.879 0.382 表 2 基于BCW理论的肺康复护理干预方案
Table 2. Pulmonary rehabilitation nursing intervention program based on BCW theory
干预目标 干预功能 干预内容 干预形式 形成动机 教育
说服
激励入院当天评估患者,收集基线资料。通过动机访谈的形式,了解患者对疾病相关知识和肺康复的认知情况。访谈提纲包括:您患慢阻肺多长时间了?您是否了解或进行过肺康复训练?您对肺康复训练的看法?您目前进行肺康复训练的阻碍因素有哪些?向患者介绍疾病相关知识、进行肺康复训练的益处和安全性,引导并激发患者进行肺康复的动机。 个体
面对面
10~20 min获得能力 教育
培训
实现(1)邀请权威医师开展专家讲座,让患者认识到肺康复的重要性,强化肺康复理念。
(2)责任护士为患者发放《慢阻肺患者肺康复健康教育手册》,提供肺康复训练相关视频,并邀请患者或家属添加“畅呼吸-慢阻肺肺康复”微信群,每日在群里接龙打卡肺康复训练内容。
(3)患者出院后通过电话或微信进行随访,第1个月每两周随访1次,后期每月随访1次,了解患者疾病控制情况、肺康复运动执行情况,为患者及家属解答疑惑,并提醒监督患者如实记录康复训练,告知3个月及6个月后回院复诊,回收肺康复训练日记卡。个体/群体
面对面
5~20 min/次创造机会 环境重建建模
实现(1)开展家庭监督,鼓励家属设定闹铃提醒并陪同患者坚持肺康复计划,主动汇报肺康复训练日记表,提高社会支持。
(2)每月组织一次线上肺康复互动会,邀请依从性较好的病友现身说法,分享个人坚持肺康复锻炼取得成效的经验与感受,对肺康复锻炼比较积极或康复效果明显的患者给予表扬与鼓励,通过榜样的示范作用形成同伴支持模式,促进病友间在彼此学习的基础上激发同伴的康复自主性,提高患者对疾病康复的自信心。个体/群体
线下/线上本研究考虑伦理原则和利于干预的实施,未应用BCW理论的限制和强制干预功能。 表 3 2组患者肺康复依从性比较[n(%)/(
$\bar x \pm s $ )]Table 3. Comparison of pulmonary rehabilitation compliance between the two groups [n(%)/(
$\bar x \pm s $ )]项目 试验组
(n = 48)对照组
(n = 48)χ2/t P 完全依从 29(60.4) 12(25.0) 4.898 0.001* 部分依从 13(27.1) 16(33.3) 不依从 6(12.5) 20(41.7) 得分(分) 2.48 ± 0.74 1.83 ± 0.81 −4.150 < 0.001* 与对照组比较,*P < 0.05。 表 4 2组患者健康素养、mMRC评分、CAT评分比较(
$\bar x \pm s $ )Table 4. Comparison of health literacy,mMRC score and CAT score between the two groups (
$\bar x \pm s $ )组别 n 健康素养评分(分) mMRC评分(分) CAT评分(分) 干预前 干预后 干预前 干预后 干预前 干预后 试验组 48 3.77 ± 1.31 8.38 ± 1.96△ 3.15 ± 0.68 1.44 ± 0.50△ 21.46 ± 3.26 14.88 ± 2.50△ 对照组 48 3.69 ± 1.28 6.63 ± 1.30△ 3.17 ± 0.51 1.96 ± 0.65△ 21.58 ± 2.79 17.63 ± 2.43△ t −0.314 −5.130 0.168 4.392 0.202 5.459 P 0.754 < 0.001* 0.867 < 0.001* 0.840 < 0.001* 与对照组相比,*P < 0.05。与本组干预前相比,差异有统计学意义,△P < 0.05。 表 5 2组患者肺功能指标比较(
$\bar x \pm s $ )Table 5. Comparison of lung function indexes between the two groups (
$\bar x \pm s $ )组别 例数 FEV1 FEV1/FVC FEV1/Pre 干预前 干预后 干预前 干预后 干预前 干预后 试验组 48 1.37 ± 0.55 1.82 ± 0.62△ 53.56 ± 10.40 70.55 ± 9.87△ 52.89 ± 10.60 69.93 ± 9.89△ 对照组 48 1.31 ± 0.46 1.49 ± 0.37△ 53.70 ± 10.48 63.38 ± 8.49△ 52.78 ± 10.90 62.86 ± 8.68△ t −0.558 −1.992 0.065 −3.818 −0.051 −3.722 P 0.578 < 0.001* 0.949 < 0.001* 0.959 < 0.001* 与对照组相比,*P < 0.05。与本组干预前相比差异有统计学意义,△P < 0.05。 -
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